《2022届高考英语复习精讲与精练》（教师版）11第十一章情态动词与虚拟语气精讲与精练

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第十一章情态动词与虚拟语气精讲与精练

一、情态动词与虚拟语气讲前练：用所给单词的适当形式填空

Tom: Hi,Mr.Smith.[1] 　 you give me a hand?

Mr.Smith: Of course. You [2]　　 hesitate to ask me for help. What’s the matter with you?

Tom: My mum is always complaining about my going back home late after school.

Mr.Smith: What do you usually do after school?

Tom: I usually go to the playground to play basketball. But I know that I [3] 　　 go home

first.

Mr.Smith: Why don’t you go home directly?

Tom: My mother usually says,“Every student [4]　　 do their homework first after school,

and that is a rule for all of you students.”You see, if I [5]　　 (do)my homework first now, I

couldn’t have a rest and relax. I am so tired.

Mr.Smith:Both you and your mum are reasonable. As a mother, she believes that you [6]

never work too hard, while you think you need some time to have a rest. Does your mother know

what you think?

Tom: No. Even if I [7]　　 (tell)her before, she wouldn’t have understood it.

Mr.Smith: I don’t think you are right. I think you should tell your mother what you think and she

would understand you. Besides, you had better not hide your feelings from your mother and you

[8]　　 as well learn to communicate with her.

Tom: Thank you for your advice. It is high time I [9]　　 (talk)with her.

Mr.Smith: I [10]　　 agree more.

1、Can 2 、needn’t 3 、should 4 、shall 5 、did 6 、can 7 、had

told 8、might 9、talked 10、can’t

二、情态动词考点精讲：

情态动词考点 1、常考的情态动词

类情态动词含义用法例句

推

测

must 一定、肯

定

只用于肯定句 You’re Tom’s good friend, so you must

know what he likes best.

can/could 可能、也

许

用于否定句和问句，can’t/

couldn’t 表“不可能”

It can’t be Mr Li, for he has gone to

America.

may/might 可能、也

许

用于肯定句和否定句，may

not/might not 表“可能不”

Your mother may /might not know the

truth.

能

力

can/could 能够 can 只有现在和过去时 Mary can speak three languages.

be able to 能够

be able to 有更多的形式(如：

will be able to, have been ble to

)。当成功地完成某一具体动

作时，不用 could 而用 was/we

re able to。这时 was/were able

to 相当于 managed to，表示经

过一番努力，终于能够完成

某事。

He was able to go to the party yesterday

evening in spite of the heavy rain

许

可

can/could 可以 ①问句中用 could/might 更显

客气和委婉。②肯定回答一

般用 can,显得语气肯定干脆。

--Could I come to see you tomorrow?

-- Yes, you can. (No, I’m afraid not. )

may/might 可以 May I come in?

必

要

must 必须

表主观要求，注意 must 提起

的一般疑问句的肯定回答和

否定回答的不同，见例句。

--Must we hand in our exercise books

today?

-- Yes, you must./ No, you don’t have to /

you needn’t.

have to 不得不表客观需求 It is raining heavily,so we have to stay at

home.

ought to 应该与should 用法同 Yong people should show respect for the

old.

should 应该 shouldn’t/oughtn’t to 不应该 You are his father and ought to take care of

him.

其

他

need 需要 1）用作实义动词后接 to do

2）用作情态动词后接 do，

只用于否定句和问句

You don’t need to do it yourself.

dare 敢She dare not go out alone at night.

情

态

动

词

完

成

时

态

情态动词含义例句

must have done 肯定做过/发生过 It must have rained last night,for the ground

is wet.

can’t/couldn’t have done 不可能做过某事 Mr. Smith can't have gone to Beijing,for I

saw him in the library just now.

may/might have done 可能已经..... You might have read about it in the papers

could have done 本来可以.....，本来能够 I could have arrived on time,but I was held

up by the traffic jam.

Should have done 本应该做..... You should have finished the task

yesterday.

ought to have done 本应该做.....

needn’t have done 本没有必要做某事但又做了 I needn't have bought so much wine—only

five people came.

句

型

can not/never.....too 无论怎么.....也不过分

越.....越好

While crossing the street, you can never be

too careful.

Can not.....enough

情态动词考点 2、情态动词后必须接动词原形，在语法填空中，如果空格在主语和动词原

形之间，那么可能要填情态动词。（也可能填 do 和will,shall 的适当形式）例如：

1.What is acceptable in one country [1] be considered extremely rude in another. Key:may

2.He had no time or energy to play with his children or talk with his wife, but he [2]______ bring

home a regular salary. Key:did

考点对练 1 单项填空【虽然许多地区不考此题型，但依旧是掌握知识的很好的训练方式】

1．【2020·天津卷单项填空】Jim says we ______ stay in his house as long as we leave it clean

and tidy .

A．must B．can C．need D．should

Key: B【解析】考查情态动词。句意：吉姆说我们可以住在他的房子里，只要我们保持它

干净整洁。A. must 必须；B. can 能，可以；C. need 需要；D. should 应该。根据后面的“as

long as we leave it clean and tidy”可知，Jim 许可我们待在他的房子里，即:我们”能，可

以”待在他的房子里。故选 B。

2．【2020·天津卷单项填空】You ____________ have scolded him for his poor performance.

After all, he had done his best.

A．must B．should C．mustn’t D．shouldn't

Key: D【解析】考查情态动词+ have done。句意：你本不应该因为他表现不好而责骂他。

毕竟，他已经尽力了。根据前后句关系可知此处表示“本不该”是 shouldn't have done 指

做了本不该做的事，must have done 表示对过去发生的事情的肯定性推测；should have done

表示应当做某事而实际上未做；mustn’t 不和 have done 连用。故选 D。

知识拓展：

1）must have done 表示对过去事情的肯定推测，指“一定做过某事”，该结构只用于肯定

句：

EG1. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面还是湿的。

EG2. You must have been mad to speak to the servant.你和仆人说话，一定是发疯了。

2）should have done 意思是“本来应该做某事，而实际没做。”

3）shouldn't have done 表示本来不应该做某事,而实际做了。含有指责对方或自责的含意.

EG3.Tom, you are too lazy. The work should have been finished yesterday.汤姆,你太懒惰了,这项

工作本来应该昨天就做完的。

EG4.Look, Tom is crying. I shouldn't have been so harsh on him.看，汤姆哭了，我本来不应该

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