突破11 语态-2023年中考英语一轮复习语法知识专项突破(通用版)

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2023 年中考英语一轮复习语法知识专项突破(通用版)11

语态

【知识突破】

1.被动语态定义

被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式,用来说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。如果主语是动作的执行者

(即某人做某事),便叫主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者(即某事被做),便叫被动语态。主动与被动的区别

不是词序的区别,而是主语与谓语意义上的区别。在英语中只有及物动词和一些相当于及物动词的词组才有

被动语态的形式。

2.被动语态的构成

英语中被动语态由“助动词 be +动词的过去分词”构成。助动词 be 有时态、人称和数的变化。被动语

态后的 by 短语有时可省去。具体结构见下表：

现在时态一般现在时现在进行时一般将来时现在完成时

谓语动词

构成

is +p.p.

are

is +being+p.p.

are

will + be+p.p.

is +going to+ be + p.p.

are

have(has)

+been+p.p.

过去时态一般过去时过去进行时过去将来时过去完成时

谓语动词

构成

was +p.p.

were

was

+being+p.p.

were

would +be+p.p.

was +going to+be+p.p.

were

had +been+p.p.

[注] p.p.表示过去分词。

3.被动语态的用法

① 不知道谁是动作的执行者(即不知道谁做)时用被动语态,省略 by 短语。如：A man was killed in the

accident.(一个人死于事故)/ This window was broken yesterday.(这扇窗子是昨天被打破的)

②不说或者众所周知是谁做时,用被动语态,省略 by 短语。如：Rice is also grown in this place.(这个地方

也种水稻)/ A railroad will be built here in three years.(三年之后这里将要修建一条铁路)

③强调动作的承受者,句尾加 by 短语。如：It was written by Lu Xun.(它(书)是鲁迅写的)/ A pet dog is

never killed by its owner.(宠物狗是不会被主人宰杀的)

4. 主动语态如何改写为被动语态

主动句：主语(人/物) + 谓语(及物动词) + 宾语(人/物) + 其他 + 状语

(动作的执行者) (各种时态形式) (动作的承受者)

被动句：主语(人/物) + 谓语(及物动词) + by +人 / 物 + 其他 + 状语

(动作的承受者) (be +过去分词) (动作的执行者)

【注意】

①“动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”改为被动时,可以用间接宾语做被动句的主语。如：

His teacher gave him a dictionary.→He was given a dictionary by his teacher.

(老师给他一本字典→他得到老师一本字典)

也可以用直接宾语做被动句的主语,但是需用 to 或者 for 引出原句的间接宾语。如：His teacher gave

him a dictionary.→A dictionary was given to him by his teacher.(老师给他一本字典→一本字典由老师送给了

他)/His father made him a kite.→A kite was made for him by his father.(他的父亲给他做了一个风筝→一个风

筝由他的父亲做给了他)

②“动词+宾语+动词原形”改为被动时,动词原形前要加 to.如：The boss made the poor man work 12

hours a day.→The poor man was made to work 12 hours a day.(老板让这个可怜的人一天工作 12 小时→这个

可怜人被迫一天工作 12 小时)

③“动词+…+介词 ”改为被动时 ,介词一般在原位不动。如： The girl takes good care of her little

brother.→The girl’s little brother is taken good care of by her.(女孩照顾小弟弟→女孩的小弟弟由她照顾着)

④“be+过去分词”未必表示被动语态,而可能是系表结构。如：

He is pleased / worried / tired /…….(系表)(他高兴/焦虑/疲劳……)

He was hit / knocked down / told / shot / …….(被动)(他被击中/撞倒/关照/射中……)

【能力突破】

1. The Suzhou Garden about all over the world.

A. knows B. knew C. is known D. was known

2. An official ________by some reporters on the traffic problems in Shanghai last Friday.

A. is interviewing B. is interviewed C. was interviewing D. was interviewed

3. —It is said that our country will send up the second Mars probe (火星探测器) in a few days.

—Wow! More and more secrets soon.

A. are going to discover B. will discover C. have discovered D. will be discovered

4. – Two months ago, China hosted Boao Forum for Asia (博鳌亚洲论坛) successf ully.

– Yes, many foreign gues ts ________ to the meeting.

A. invited B. are inviting C. were invited

5. —When ________ the telephone ________?

—In 1876.

A. was; discovered B. did; discovered C. was; invented D. did; invented

6. Liu Genghong’s fitness exercise ________ by people of all ages these days.

A. learns B. learned C. was learned D. is learned

7. Flowers________ ________along the road last year.

A. plant B. planted C. are planted D. were planted

8. Some people think that paper books ________ by E-books in the near future.

A. replace B. is replaced C. will be replaced D. will replace

9. —Why hasn’t Tony come?

—The invitation ___________ to Toby by accident.

A. was emailed B. is emailed C. has emailed

10. The man ________ last ________ this home at about 7 A. m.

A. was；seen leaving

B. did；see left

C. has；seen leave

D. was；seen leave

11. —When shall I hand in my report?—As soon as it _______ tomorrow.

A. completes B. will complete

C. is completed D. will be completed

12. Tom ________ his room every day, so his room is very ________.

A. clean; clean B. cleans; cleans C. clean; cleans D. cleans; clean

13. A lot of things by people to protect the environment next year.

A. are doing B. are being done C. has been done D. will be done

14. The 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing and towns in Hebei Province.

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