上海市金山区张堰中学2020-2021学年高二下学期期中英语试卷含答案

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2020-2021 学年上海市金山区张堰中学

高二下学期期中英语试卷

I. Listening Comprehension(略)

II. Grammar and Vocabulary

Section A

Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and

grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form

of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Albert Einstein completely changed scientific thought. After he (21)__________ (develop) t

he Theory of Relativity, Einstein opened the door for the creation of the atomic bomb. Although

Einstein was not famous in his lifetime, he later became (22)__________ (famous) scientist of the

20th century.

Although Einstein (23)__________ (consider) the best example of genius, in the first two de

cades of his life, many people thought Einstein was the exact opposite. When Einstein didn’t talk

until was three years old, his parents worried something was wrong with him. Einstein also failed

(24)__________ (impress) his teachers. From elementary school through college, his teachers and

professors thought him lazy, sloppy, and insubordinate (不屈服的). Many of his teachers thought

he would never amount to anything.

(25)__________ appeared to be laziness in class was really boredom. Rather than just

memorizing facts and dates, Einstein preferred to consider questions such as what makes the

needle of a compass point in one direction? Why is the sky blue? What would it be like to travel

at the speed of light?

Unfortunately for Einstein, these were not the types of topics he was taught in school.

(26)__________ his excellent grades, Einstein found regular schooling to be strict and unfair.

Things changed for Einstein when he (27)__________ (treat) Max Talmud friendly, the 21-year-

old medical student (28)__________ ate dinner at the Einstein’s once a week. (29)__________

Einstein was only eleven years old, Max introduced Einstein to numerous science and philosophy

books and then discussed their content with him. Einstein flourished in this learning environment

and it wasn’t long (30) __________ Einstein surpassed (超过) what Max could teach him.

Section B

Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word

can be used

only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. abstract B. altering C. constantly D. delicately E. intentional F. lowered

G. packed H. reliability I. shaking J. tremble K. vital

If women are mercilessly exploited year after year, they have only themselves to blame.

Because they (31) __________ at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of

fashion, they are always taken advantage of by the designers and the big stores. Clothes which

have been worn only a few times have to be put aside because of the change of fashion. When

you come to think of it, only a woman is capable of standing in front of a wardrobe (32)

__________ full of clothes and announcing sadly that she has nothing to wear.

Changing fashions are nothing more than the (33) __________ creation of waste. Many

women spend vast sums of money each year to replace clothes that have hardly been worn.

Women who cannot afford to throw away clothing in this way, waste hours of their time (34)

__________ the dresses they have. Skirts are lengthened or shortened; neck-lines are (35)

__________ or raised, and so on.

No one can claim that the fashion industry contributes anything really important to society.

Fashion designers are rarely concerned with (36) __________ things like warmth, comfort and

durability. They are only interested in outward appearance and they take advantage of the fact that

women will put up with any amount of discomfort, as long as they look right. There can hardly be

a man who hasn’t at some time in his life smiled at the sight of a woman (37) __________ in a

thin dress on a winter day, or (38) __________ picking her way through deep snow in high-

heeled shoes.

When comparing men and women in the matter of fashion, the conclusions to be drawn are

obvious. Do the (39) __________ changing fashions of women’s clothes, one wonders, reflect

basic qualities of inconstancy and instability? Men are too clever to let themselves be cheated by

fashion designers. Do their unchanging styles of dress reflect basic qualities of stability and (40)

__________? That is for you to decide.

III. Reading Comprehension (45 分）

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases

marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word of phrase that best fits the

context.

Studies show that older people tend to remember the positive things in life rather than the

negative things, while younger people remember the positive and negative equally well. The

dominant psychological theory to explain this is that older people are aware of their limited time

left, so they (41)__________ positive emotional experiences. But about a decade ago, I worked

with biologist Robert Trivers on his idea that there was a(n) (42)__________ basis for older

people’s increased positive outlook. Our research took us in the fascinating direction of

exploring how the body (43)__________ its energy.

When our (44)__________ needed more energy than usual, perhaps while being chased by

a tiger, they had to get that energy from somewhere in the body. Could they borrow it from the

brain? That organ uses 20 percent of our metabolic output, whether we are solving math

problems or watching television reruns. Due to this constant energy requirement, borrowing

energy from the brain when our need (45)__________ the available supply is not an option.

Perhaps we could borrow energy from our muscles. Because we use far more muscle energy

when we are active than when at rest, (46)__________, we could borrow energy when we are

sitting. But the problem is that most of the energy-demanding emergencies of our ancestors

(47)__________ a muscular response. There was no way to borrow energy from our muscles

during an emergency because relaxing when a tiger showed up was not a(n) (48)__________

response. This brings us to our immune system, which, when (49)__________, protects us from

many illnesses and diseases. Like the brain, the immune system works at great metabolic cost,

but largely in the (50)__________ of keeping us healthy in the future. We have an enormous

number of immune cells coursing through our body, a(n) (51)__________ break from

production is fine. So, when our body needs extra energy, one of the places it goes is our

immune function. When you’re being chased by a tiger, you don’t need to waste energy making

immune cells to fight off tomorrow’s cold. What you need is to (52)__________ all available

energy resources to your legs, with the hope that you will live to experience another cough or

sneeze.

(53)__________, our immune system evolved to run in maximum amounts when we’re

happy, but to slow down dramatically when we’re not. With this background in mind, Trivers

supposed that older people evolved a strategy of turning this relationship on its head, becoming

more (54)__________ the positive things in life in an effort to enhance their immune

functioning. This was helped along by their knowing much more about the world than younger

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