上海市2021届高三秋考押题英语密卷06 含解析

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2021 届上海市高三秋考押题英语密卷 06

II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20 分)

Section A

Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically

correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other

blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

The United States of America (commonly ____1____(refer) to as the United States, the U.S.,the USA,the

States or America) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district.The country is

situated mostly in central North America,____2____ its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington,D.C., the

capital district, lie ____3____ the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans,bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the

south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to its east and Russia to the west across

the Bering Strait.

At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km²) and with more than 300 million people,the United States is the

third or fourth ____4____ (large) country by total area,and third largest by land area and by population.The United

States is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration

from many countries. The U.S.economy is the largest national economy in the world, with an estimated 2008 gross

domestic product (GDP) of US $14.3 trillion.

The nation was founded by thirteen colonies of Great Britain located along the Atlantic seaboard. On July

4,1776,they issued the Declaration of Independence, ____5____ proclaimed their independence from Great Britain

and their formation of a cooperative union.The rebellious states ____6____ (defeat) Great Britain in the American

Revolutionary War,the first successful colonial war of independence. A federal convention adopted the current

United States Constitution on September 17,1787; its ratification the ____7____ (follow) year made the states part

of a single republic with a strong central government. The Bill of Rights, comprising ten constitutional amendments

guaranteeing many fundamental civil rights and freedoms, was ratified in 1791.

In the 19th century, the United States acquired land from France, Spain, the United Kingdom, Mexico, and

Russia, and annexed the Republic of Texas and the Republic of Hawaii. Disputes between the agrarian South and

industrial North over states’ rights and the expansion of the institution of slavery provoked the American Civil War

of the 1860s. The North's victory prevented a permanent split of the country and led ____8____ the end of legal

slavery in the United States. By the 1870s, ___9___ national economy was the world's largest. The Spanish–

American War and World War I confirmed the country's status as a military power. In 1945, the United States

emerged from World War II as the first country _____10_____ (have) weapons,a permanent member of the United

Nations Security Council, and a founding member of NATO.The end of the Cold War left the United States as the

sole superpower. The country accounts for approximately 50% of global military spending and is a leading

economic,political,and cultural force in the world.

【答案】1. referred

2. where 3. between

4. largest 5. which

6. defeated

7. following

8. to 9. the

10. to have

【解析】

【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国的一些基本情况以及发展历史。

【1题详解】

考查非谓语动词。句意：美利坚合众国（通常被称为 the United States，the U.S.， the USA，the States or

America）是一个联邦宪法共和国，包括五十个州和一个联邦地区。分析句子结构可知 refer 在句中应用非

谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语 The United States of America 构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填

referred。

【2题详解】

考查定语从句。句意：这个国家大部分位于北美中部，48 个相邻的州和首都华盛顿特区位于太平洋和大西

洋之间，北与加拿大接壤，南与墨西哥接壤。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词 country，先行词在从句

中作地点状语，故用关系副词 where 引导。故填 where。

【3题详解】

考查介词。句意：这个国家大部分位于北美中部，48 个相邻的州和首都华盛顿特区位于太平洋和大西洋之

间，北与加拿大接壤，南与墨西哥接壤。结合句意表示“在……之间”短语为 between…and…。故填

between。

【4题详解】

考查最高级。句意：美国面积 379 万平方英里（983 万平方公里），人口超过 3亿，按总面积计算是世界

第三或第四大国家，按陆地面积和人口计算是世界第三大国家。结合句意表示“世界第三大”应用最高级

largest。故填 largest。

【5题详解】

考查定语从句。句意：1776 年7月4日，他们发表了《独立宣言》，宣布他们脱离英国独立，并组成一个

合作联盟。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词 the Declaration of Independence，先行词在从句中作主语，

指物，故用关系代词 which 引导。故填 which。

【6题详解】

考查动词时态。句意：这些反叛的国家在美国独立战争中打败了英国，这是第一次成功的殖民地独立战争。

描述过去发生的动作应用一般过去时。故填 defeated。

【7题详解】

考查形容词。句意：1787 年9月17 日，联邦会议通过了现行的美国宪法；它在第二年获得批准，使各州

成为拥有强大中央政府的单一共和国的一部分。修饰后文名词 year 应用形容词 following，作定语。故填

following。

【8题详解】

考查介词。句意：北方的胜利阻止了这个国家的永久分裂，并导致了美国合法奴隶制的终结。结合句意表

示“导致”可知短语为 lead to。故填 to。

【9题详解】

考查冠词。句意：到 19 世纪 70 年代，美国的国民经济是世界上最大的。此处特指美国经济应用定冠词

the。故填 the。

【10 题详解】

考查非谓语动词。句意：1945 年，美国从第二次世界大战中崛起，成为第一个拥有武器的国家，是联合国

安理会常任理事国，也是北约的创始成员国。此处名词 country 由序数词修饰，后跟不定式作后置定语。

故填 to have。

Section B

Directions: Complete the passage with the words in the box Each word can only be used once. Note that there is

one word more than you need.

A. catch-up；B. substitute；C. advance；D. committed；E. exhausted；

F. multitask；G. transferred；H. maintaining；I. commenting；K. challenge；J. embrace

My friend Haley called me the other day. She hadn't texted me in ___11___ to “find a time “to chat. Nor did

we have a Zoom date on the calendar. She just up and called me unannounced.

It was thrilling, this unscheduled, spontaneous conversation without a purpose or the weight of a formal

____12____. It felt like wheeling over to someone in the office to hear a joke.

I was reminded of that larger orbit of friendships outside the inner core of those we still see in person, usually

because we live with them. Think about all those relationships once sustained by serendipity and proximity, now

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