2020版高考英语新课标大二轮专题辅导与增分攻略+专题一　语法填空1-2-4第4节词性转换与构词法+含答案

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第4节　词性转换与构词法

Step1 典题感悟·高考名题这样考

考查角度 1　形容词变副词的后缀

1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)A taste for meat is ____________(actual) behind the change.

[解析]　考查副词。这里需填副词来修饰谓语动词 is。

[答案]　actually

2．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have been

____________(fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.

[解析]　此处表示对于乘客来说是相当不愉快的。设空处位于形容词 unpleasant 之前，

修饰形容词 unpleasant 应用 fair 的副词形式 fairly ，表示“相当地”。注意 must have

done“过去一定做了……” 表示对过去情况的肯定推测。

[答案]　fairly

考查角度 2　动词、名词变形容词的后缀

3．(2019· 江苏卷 ) Unlike traditional gyms, appbacked gyms offer people

________(flexibility) options to exercise.

[解析]　考查形容词。根据句意：不像传统的体育锻炼，有 app 软件的体育锻炼提供了

灵活的锻炼选项。故填 flexible。

[答案]　flexible

4．(2019·北京卷) Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking

about which college to attend, and it's never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy

and __________(meaning) college experience.

[解析 ]　考查形容词。这里与前面的 healthy 并列，修饰后面的名词 college

experience，故此处也要用形容词。故填 meaningful。

[答案]　meaningful

5．(2019·浙江卷)School uniforms are ____________(tradition) in Britain, but some schools

are starting to get rid of them.

[解析]　考查形容词。句意：穿校服在英国是一个传统，但是一些学校开始允许学生

上学不用穿校服。 are 是系动词，其后常用形容词作表语， tradition 是名词，“传统”的

意思，因此，用其形容词形式。故填 traditional。

[答案]　traditional

6．(2018· 浙江卷)The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be

____________(afford) but doing this most days adds up.

[解析]　考查形容词。根据语境可知，一周在外就餐一到两次可能是可以负担得起的，

故填形容词 affordable。

[答案]　affordable

7．(2017· 全国卷 Ⅱ )The Central London Railway was one of the most

____________(success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900.

[解析]　此处表示这些新开通线路中最为成功的线路之一。设空位置在 was 之后，且

空前为 the most，故用形容词 successful。

[答案]　successful

Step2 知识储备·抓重破难补短板

一、形容词变副词的后缀

通常在形容词后加 ly，或者把 y变i＋ly。

①(2019·武汉高中毕业生五月训练题)It suddenly rained heavy in the midnight and I felt

cold. ____________

[答案]　heavy→heavily

二、形容词变名词的后缀

通常以age，cy，dom，ence，ness，th，y，ty，ity，ce 结尾。

②(2019·福州市高中毕业班适应性练习)On the other hand, I think everyone has the right to

education and it is of great important to help those people who need it.____________

[答案]　important→importance

三、动词、名词变形容词的后缀

通常后缀为able，al，ful，less，ed，ing，ible，ive，ous，some，y，ern，ish，ic，-

ary。

③(2019·太原市高三年级模拟试题三)But the very instant we break the law, we shall get

into end trouble.____________

[答案]　end→endless

④(2019·成都市高中毕业班摸底测试 )I went to China in the summer of 2017. My time

there was an ____________(impress) experience.

[答案]　impressive

四、动词变名词的后缀

通常以al，ance，ence，ion，ation，(s)sion，ing，ment，ure，ture，y或其他为后缀。

⑤(2019·陕西省部分学校第一学期摸底检测)Fall is a time of reflect and preparation for

the year ahead.____________

[答案]　reflect→reflection

五、变动词的前缀与后缀

通常前缀有 en；后缀有en，ify，ize。

⑥(2019·昆明市高三摸底调研测试)The latest research found even activities like farming

and camping can fright animals and cause them to become active at night.____________

[答案]　fright→frighten

⑦(2019·太原市高三年级阶段性测评)Sisyphe opens its bookstores in shopping malls in

order to take advantage of the large number of consumers of shopping malls to sell its books, and

it also ____________(able) people to enjoy spending time reading and drinking coffee.

[答案]　enables

六、表示否定意义或相反意义的前缀和后缀

前缀通常有 dis， il， im， in， ir， mis， un，后缀为less。

⑧(2019·青岛自主学习 )As they couldn't play outdoors, they were ____________(happy),

and some even got into fights from time to time.

[答案]　unhappy

⑨(2019·沧州联考)We are growing ____________(patient) with the lack of results.

[答案]　impatient

Step3 增分攻略·献计献策献妙招

前缀改变词义，后缀改变词性。

看好前与后，词性转换依章程。

[操作技法 1]　形容词变副词的后缀

变化形式例词

直接加ly slow→slowly 缓慢地

改y为ily happy→ happily 高兴地

去e加ly true→ truly 真地

[典例 1] 　(2019· 考试大纲调研卷十 )The show is a combination of documentaries and

variety shows, aiming at exploring ____________(complete) new ways to bring highend national

treasures closer to the public.

[解析]　考查词性转换。空处修饰形容词 new, 因此只能用副词 completely “完全地”。

[答案]　completely

[典例 2]　(2019·考试大纲调研卷八)We've always known that the entrants to the Aphrodite

Award were special, but this year we've been ____________(true) bowled over by their

impressive successes.

[解析]　考查副词。此处是说我们确实被她们令人钦佩的种种成就所震撼，空处修饰

动词，故用副词 truly。

[答案]　truly

[操作技法 2]　形容词变名词的后缀

后缀例词

age short→shortage 不足；短缺

efficient→efficiency 效率；功效

fluent→fluency 流利；流畅

accurate→accuracy 准确性

private→privacy 隐私；私密

dom free→freedom 自由；自主

wise→wisdom 明智；智慧

ce different→difference 差异

silent→silence 沉默

ness

weak→weakness 虚弱；弱点

kind→kindness 仁慈；好意

careless→carelessness 粗心大意

dark→darkness 黑暗

strong→strength 力气；强项

warm→warmth 温暖；热情

true→truth 真相；真理

wide→width 宽度

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2020版高考英语新课标大二轮专题辅导与增分攻略+专题一　语法填空1-2-4第4节词性转换与构词法+含答案.docx

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