专题14 科学家-备战2023年中考英语阅读理解热点话题分类训练（中考真题+名校最新模拟题）

3.0 envi 2025-01-09 4 4 284.9KB 18 页 3知币
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备战 2023 中考英语阅读理解热点话题分类训练
(中考真题+名校最新模拟真题)
专题 14 科学家
（2022·广东广州·中考真题）Charles Darwin
Early years
Charles Darwin was one of the six children from a big family. His grandfather and father were doctors and
the young Darwin went to Edinburgh University to study medicine. However, he hated to see blood and he soon
realized that he couldn’t be a doctor. He then went to Cambridge University and discovered that he had a great
interest in studying plants, insects and animals. Luckily, one of Darwin’s university teachers helped him, join the
perfect trip for a biologist: a voyage around the world to study nature.
The Beagle
In 1831, Charles Darwin left Plymouth on The Beagle, a ship that took him around the world for five years.
While he was travelling, he studied the plants and animals in the countries and on the islands that the ship visited.
Darwin also spent his time on The Beagle writing notes about the things he had seen. When he finally arrived back
in Britain, Darwin was already starting to create his famous theory that all living things had a common ancestor
(祖先).
Down house
At home at Down House, a place that you can still visit today, Darwin wrote many articles and books about
his travels, but he didn’t want to make anything about his theory known to the public. He worked in his study,
where he wrote 250,000 words about his theory of evolution (进化论), but he was frightened about what people
might say about his idea that monkeys were the ancestors of humans. He thought the public would be against it
and was so frightened that he became ill with worry. However, when another scientist started to write about
similar ideas, Darwin decided to print his book, On the Origin of Species.
Most scientists accepted Darwin’s theory and people continue to study it today. On 12th February, the day he
was born, Darwin Day is celebrated around the world to encourage more people to study the natural world.
1．What caused Darwin to give up his study of medicine?
A．He didn’t like seeing blood. B．He found the studies too difficult.
C．He was pushed to give up by his family. D．He was advised to study natural science.
2．Why was the trip on The Beagle important to Darwin?
A．It helped him to finish his study at the university.
B．It allowed him to change his mind about his future.
C．It gave him ideas about the beginnings of human life.
D．It got him to complete his most famous book on the ship.
3．In what order did the following happen in Darwin’s life?
a. He arrived back in Britain in 1836.
b. He thought the public would not support his ideas.
c. He became interested in studying the natural world.
d. He printed his famous book, On the Origin of Species.
e. He received help to get a place on a trip around the world.
f. He studied the plants and animals on the islands he visited.
A．e→f→c→a→b→d B．c→e→f→a→b→d C．e→f→a→c→d→b D．c→e→f→d→a→b
4．Why did the writer include the last paragraph?
A．To introduce Darwin’s famous book.
B．To tell how people celebrate Darwin Day.
C．To explain why people accept Darwin’s ideas.
D．To show Darwin’s influence on natural science.
（2022·四川省射洪县射洪中学外国语实验学校一模）On May 22, 2021, the whole nation was saddened
by the news that Chinese scientist Yuan Longping died.
Dr. Yuan Longping worked most of his life growing better rice. As a result of his research, the Chinese
people are no longer worried about getting starved. His great work also helped the world produce more and more
rice.
Yuan, born on Sept. 7, 1930. After graduating ( 毕业) from Southwest Agriculture College, he worked as a
teacher at an agriculture school in Hunan.
Several natural disasters ( 天灾 ) hit China in the 1960s. Yuan, saw many people die of hunger every day.
Since then, he has researched how to grow much better crops.
In 1964 , he happened to find a natural hybrid rice ( 杂交水稻) plant that had great advantages over others.
Yuan was excited about his discovery. He then began to study the parts of this unusual plant.
In 1973, he started to develop a type of hybrid rice species (种类). It produced 20% more rice per unit than
common ones. The seeding ( 种 植 ) was very successful in the following year. This progress made China the
world’s leader in rice production.
More than 50% of China’s total rice fields grow Yuan’s hybrid species. People call him the “Father of
Hybrid Rice”.
Yuan once said he had two dreams — to “enjoy the cool under the rice crops taller than men” and that hybrid
rice could be grown all over the world to help solve the food problem of the whole world.
5．What does the underlined word “starved” in Paragraph 2 mean in Chinese?
A．挨饿 B．受冻 C．致贫 D．开始
6．What can we learn about Yuan Longping according to the third paragraph?
A．He was born into a scientist’s family.
B．He was once a teacher at an agriculture school.
C．He graduated from Southwest Agriculture College in 1930.
D．He liked planting rice.
7．When did Yuan Longping succeed in seeding hybrid rice?
A．In 1964. B．In 1973. C．In 1974. D．in 1967.
8．Which of the following is TRUE according to the last three paragraphs?
A．Yuan’s hybrid rice can provide all people in the world with rice.
B．Yuan’s hybrid rice is grown in all of China’s rice fields.
C．Yuan’s hybrid rice made China the world’s leader in rice production.
D．He started to develop Hybrid Rice in 1930.
9．What does the story mainly talk about?
A．The “Father of Hybrid Rice”. B．How to grow rice.
C．Different rice species. D．Chinese like eating rice.
（2022· 宁 夏 ·银 川 市 回 民 中 学 一 模 ） Hello, everyone! I’d like to tell you something about a famous
scientist named Qian Xuesen. He was born in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province on December 11, 1911. After he
graduated from Shanghai Jiao Tong University in 1934, he got a chance to study in USA ．After he graduated, he
became a teacher as well as a researcher who studied rockets and missile theories (导弹理论).
When he was 44, he returned to his motherland and the country’s space research was almost a blank. In 1956,
he set up the first research institute of rockets and missiles. He made such important contributions to the missile
and space programs that he was honored as “The Father of China’s Missiles”. The Chinese people are proud of

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专题14 科学家-备战2023年中考英语阅读理解热点话题分类训练（中考真题+名校最新模拟题）.docx

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