2020-2021学年牛津英语八年级下学期unit7语法 被动语态

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被动语态语法讲解
一、主动语态与被动语态的概念：
英语动词的语态有两种：1).主动语态：表示主语是动作的执行者
2).被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者(常常没在有必要指出动作的执行者情况下使用)
例：They speak English. （主动语态）
主 谓 宾
English is spoken by them. （被动语态）
主 谓 介词短语
注：☆及物动词有被动语态，不及物动词必须带有介词才可以有被动语态。
例：(1)We listen to the teacher carefully in class.
→The teacher is listened to by us carefully in class.
(2)We laughed at him .
→He was laughed at by us.
二、被动语态的结构与用法：
1.结构：be +done (过去分词)
被动语态中的 be 为助动词，无意义。be 可能是 am, is, are 也可能是 was ,were 或原形
be。
1
注：☆被动语态的时态是由 be 的时态决定的，be 是什么时态，全句就是什么时态，be
后面的过去分词不变。
2.用法：
例: ①History is made by the people. (一般现在时)
②The cars were made in Tianjin in 1995. (一般过去时)
③The tree will be cut down next year.(一般将来时)
三、主动语态改被动语态的方法：
方法分为三步：①把原句中的宾语改成主语；
② 动词改为被动形式 be done(同时注意时态)；
③ 原来的主语如果需要的话放在介词 by 后面，以指明做事的人或物，如果没有必要则
省去。
例：The man killed a tiger.
→ A tiger was killed by the man .(改的过程中要注意时态和语态两个方面)
四、特殊句型的被动语态：
(1)含有使役动词（make /let /have）或感官动词（hear ,see, listen to, look at, find, watch,
feel 等）的句子，在主动语态中这些词后常跟不带 to 的动词不定式，但是在改成被动
语态时，则一定要把省去的 to 再加上去，另外 help 这一个词在主动语态中后面的动词
不定式可以带 to，也可不带 to，但在被动语态中也必须把 to 加上去。
例：① Mother often makes me do some housework.
→I am often made to do some housework by mother.
②We saw him run into the classroom.
→He was seen to run into the classroom by us.
(2)teach, give, pass, show, buy, tell 等动词常常带有两个宾语（双宾语：直接宾语和间接
宾语），改为被动语态时，两个宾语可以选其中任一个作主语。如果直接宾语被提前
作主语，那么间接宾语（一般是人）前要加相应的介词 to/for。
例：① She gave me a pen.= She gave a pen to me.
→I was given a pen by her.
→A pen was given to me by her.
②My father bought me a new bike.= My father bought a new bike for me.
→I was bought a new bike by my father.
→A new bike was bought for me by my father.
(3)由不及物动词（vi.）+介词/副词＋宾语的句子改成被动语态时，介词或副词不能丢
2
掉。(前面已举过两例)
例：① We should speak to old people politely.
→Old people should be spoken to politely ( by us).
He took away the box.②
→The box was taken away by him.
(4)含有宾语补足语的句子改为变动语态。（宾补放在原来位置不变）
例：① We call him Xiao Ma.
主 谓 宾 宾补
→He is called Xiao Ma by us.
He found the book very interesting.②
→The book was found very interesting by him.
五、没有被动语态的动词：
1. 没有被动语态的词， 表示状态或特征的及物动词如 cost, fit, have, suit 等没有被动形
式，另外，诸如 happen = take place, break out(爆发)，break down(坏了)等不及物动词或
短语以及诸如 result from(缘于)，belong to, consist of 等只用主动语态，而不用被动语态。
2.不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态: appear,　die ,disappear, end (vi. 结束), fail, last, lie,
remain, sit, spread（传播）, stand, come true, fall asleep 等。
3.大多数系动词：be，feel (摸起来)，sound(听起来)，look(看起来)，smell(闻起来)，
taste（尝起来）等词无被动语态，它们的主动形式表示被动意义。
例：① The skirt feels very soft. 这件裙子摸起来很柔软。
Many changes have happened in our hometown.②
The film lasted for 3 hours.③
被动语态
1. We’re so busy that no one in the office can _____ for any other work.
A. spare B. be spared
C. share D. be shared
2. He regards that book _____ one of the worst that he’s _____ read.
A. to be, ever B. to be, never
C. as, ever D. as, never
3. “Did you get a job？” “No, I ______, but it’s no use.”
A. expected B. tried to
C. managed to D. planned
4. “Do you know that Jack ______ a postman for about six years？” “Yes, I see.”
3
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