高考专题：倒装句型规则归纳

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倒装

英语句子的自然语序是主语在前，谓语动词在后。如果将谓语

动词的全部或一部分放在主语之前，就叫“倒装结构”。如果全部

谓语放在主语之前，叫“全部倒装”；如果只把助动词或情态动词

放在主语之前，就叫“部分倒装”。

1. 完全倒装

完全倒装是把句子的谓语全部置于主语之前。在下列几种情况下多用完全倒装：

地点状语位于句首，且主语为名词而谓语为不及物动词的陈述句。如：

On the top of the hill stands a big pine tree.

(1) 在“there + be / live / lie / stand / ...”结构中。如：

Once there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.

here, there, now, then, out, in, up, down, off, away 等副词位于句首，主语为

名词，谓语动词通常是 be, come, go, run, rush, fly, follow, fall 等词，时态为

一般时。如：

Here are some advertisements about cars.

There come the rest of the students.

Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas.

注意：当主语是代词时，主语和谓语的语序不变。如：

Away he went.

Down it came.

(2) 有时为了强调或者为了使句子平衡，常把句子的表语置于句首，构成完全

倒装。如：

Present at the meeting were Professor Smith, Professor Brown and many other

celebrities.

Gone are the days when they had nothing to eat.

(3) such 作表语提前时。如：

Such is the influence of TV that it can make a person famous overnight.

(4) 有时为了强调，可将谓语部分的动词-ing 形式、过去分词或不定式置于句

首。如：

Standing beside the table was his wife.

Buried in the sands was an ancient village.

To be carefully considered are the following questions.

全倒装条件倒装方法例句

部

倒

装

以here, there, out, in, up, down,

away, off, back ,等副词开头，V多

为be ,go, come 等，S为n.

Adv. +V+S There goes the last

bus.

Away flew the plane.

以then, now, thus, such 开头，V多

为come, follow, begin, end, be

等，S为n.

Adv. +V+S Then came a new

difficulty.

Such was Albert

Einstein, a simple but

great scientist.

地点状语放句首，S为n.，V为

lie, stand, sit, live, come, go, rise 等

Vi.

prep. +V+S On the top of the hill

stands a temple where

the old man once lived.

South of the river lies a

small factory.

表语放句首，为保句子平衡表强

调

Prep.Phrases/ adj./-

ing/-ed +be+S

Present at the meeting

were some important

figures.

Growing all over the

mountain are wild

flowers.

Seated in the first line

are some advanced

workers.

2. 部分倒装

部分倒装是把谓语的一部分（助动词或情态动词）提到主语之前。使用部分倒装的情

况有：

(1) 含否定意义的词或短语(如not, nor, never, seldom, hardly, scarcely, rarely, little,

few, nowhere, not until, not only, no sooner, in no way, on no account, under no

circumstances, by no means 等)置于句首时。如：

Never would he know what she had suffered.

Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining.

On no account must we give up this attempt.

（2） only 所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时。如：

Only when she came home did her mother learn the news.

（3）当表示前面提出的某一情况也同样适用于后者时，通常要用 “so /

neither / nor +系动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”倒装结构。如：

He can speak English and so can I. 　

If she won’t go there tomorrow, neither / nor will I.

(4) 当虚拟条件句含有 were, should, had 时，可省略 if，将 were, should, had 移

到主语之前。如：

Should you require anything, give me a ring.

Had you come yesterday, you would have seen him.

（5） so ... that 结构中的“so +形容词/副词”置于句首时，主句通常要部分倒

装，但如果谓语动词为 be 时，则为全部倒装。如：

So earnestly did the boy beg that his father gave his permission. （部分倒装）

So small was the mark that I could hardly see it.（全部倒装）

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