专题07 定语从句（解析版）

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定语从句

一．知识解析

　　在复合句中作定语,修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句,叫定语从句。定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词,通

常位于定语从句之前。引导定语从句的是关系代词 that,which,who,whom,whose 等和关系副词

when,where,why 等。关系代词或关系副词位于先行词和定语从句之间 ,它既起连接作用,又充当从句中的一

个成分。

关系词作用先行词例句

that,who,whom

主语、宾

语、表语

人

Do you know the girl who/that has got an “A” in the

exam?你知道考试中得“A”的那个女孩吗?

that,which

主语、宾

语、表语

物

She got a computer which/that her parents bought for her.

她有一台电脑,这台电脑是她父母给她买的。

whose 定语人、物

The boy whose father is a doctor studies very hard. 这个

男孩学习非常刻苦,他爸爸是位医生。

The room whose window is open is mine.开着窗户的那

个房间是我的。

when 状语时间

I still remember the day when you left for Beijing.我仍然

记得你动身去北京的那一天。

where 状语地点

This is the school where my mother works.这就是我妈妈

工作的那个学校。

why 状语原因

Could you explain the reason why you were late?你能解

释一下你迟到的原因吗?

1.关系代词的用法

一般情况下,that 既可指人又可指物,可以代替 who,whom 和which,在从句中作主语、表语或谓语动词

的宾语;which 指物,在从句中作主语、表语或谓语动词及介词的宾语 ;who 在从句中作主语、表语或宾

语;whom 在从句中作宾语;whose 在从句中作定语。如:

A doctor is a person who looks after a patient.

先行词　主语　　谓语　　宾语 ‰

分析:who 是关系代词,在定语从句中作主语。

句意:医生就是照顾病人的人。

(1)下列情况下,先行词指物时,定语从句只能用 that 引导,不能用 which 引导:

① 当先行词是 all,little,much,none,everything,anything,nothing 等不定代词时。如:

Is there anything(that)you don’t understand?你有什么不懂的地方吗?

Tom told his mother all that had happened.汤姆把发生的所有事情告诉了他的妈妈。

② 当先行词前面有 the only,the very,the last 等修饰时。如:

This is the only book that I can find.这是我能找到的唯一一本书。

③ 当序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时。如:

This is the best book that I have ever read.这是我读过的最好的书。

④ 当先行词前面有 only,all,any,no 等修饰时。如:

I want to read all the books that were written by Lu Xun.我想把鲁迅的著作全读完。

⑤ 当主句是以疑问词 which 开头的特殊疑问结构时。如:

Which is the hotel that you like best?哪个是你最喜欢的旅店?

(2)关系代词的省略

一般情况下,关系代词作宾语时可以省略,但关系代词 which,whom 在从句中作介词的宾语并且介词位

于关系代词前时,不能省略。如:

I’ll never forget the day on which I joined the club.我永远不会忘记我加入俱乐部的那一天。

注意:that,which,who 在从句中作主语时,不能省略。如:

Who is the boy that is talking with our teacher?正在和我们老师谈话的那个男孩是谁?

2.关系副词的用法

(1)when 表示时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。如:

I still remember the year when you graduated from No. 8 Middle School.我依然记得你从八中毕业的那一

年。

(2)why 表示原因,在定语从句中作原因状语,其先行词只有表示原因的 reason 一词。如:

We don’t know the reason why he was late for school.

我们不知道他为什么上学迟到了。

(3)where 表示地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。如:

That is the school where I studied three years ago.

那是我三年前就读的学校。

题组训练

一、选择适当的词填空

1.The boy 　 who 　 (who;whom;which)is playing ping-pong is my classmate.

2.The only e-mail 　 that 　 (who;that;which)I received yesterday was from my sister.

3.I hate people 　 that 　 (that;which;whom)talk much but do little.

4.The hotel 　 where 　 (which;that;where)we stayed last summer is a good one.

5.Can you help me find some information about Einstein 　 which 　 (which;who;whom)I can use for my report?

6.This is the most amazing photo 　 that 　 (which;that;who)I have ever seen.

随堂练习

1.(2019 厦门质检,33)We will never forget the heroes 　　　 lost their lives while fighting a forest fire.

A.when B.who C.why

【答案】B　

【解析】句意:我们永远不会忘记在扑灭森林火灾中献出生命的英雄。本题考查定语从句。先行词 heroes

属于人,设空处在定语从句中作主语,故用关系代词 who 或that,故选B。

2.(2018 厦门质检,33)Amazing China is a documentary 　　　 shows China’s achievements over the past five

years.

A.that B.who C.what

【答案】A　

【解析】本题考查定语从句。句意:《厉害了,我的国》是一部展示中国过去五年来的成就的纪录片。分析

句子结构可知,先行词为“documentary”,设空处在从句中作主语,故用关系代词 that,故选A。

3.(2019 宁德质检 ,29)The TV play All Is Well 　　　 shows the problems among Chinese family members

triggered(引起) heated discussion.

A.what B.which C.who

【答案】B　

【解析】句意:展现中国家庭成员关系问题的电视剧《都挺好》引起了热烈的讨论。本题考查定语从句。

先行词 All Is Well 属于物,用关系代词 which 或者that,故选B。

4.(2018 龙岩质检 ,35)The “Chinese Bridge”competition is open to college students 　　　 were not born in

China.

A.which B./ C.who

【答案】C　

【解析】本题考查定语从句。句意:“汉语桥”比赛向不在中国出生的大学生开放。分析句子结构可知,先

行词是“students”,关系词在从句中作主语,指人,故用关系代词 who,故选C。

5.(2018 宁德质检,30)“Beijing 8 Minutes” 　　　 was shown at the closing ceremony of the 2018 Pyeongchang

Winter Olympics used modern technology to send welcome to the world.

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