专题12 定语从句-备战高考英语基础语法专项训练

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专题 12 定语从句的基本用法

综述：

本节内容，没有从术语的角度去阐述定语从句的用法。因为好些学生即使你跟他强调关系代词、关系

副词，他也会区分不清。所以在复习的过程中，我避开了这些术语的束缚，单从表面看，分析连词是单个

出现，代表从句的名词成分还是有介词联合使用，最终被化成 when, where, why 的形式。所以把连词从形

式上分为以下 4类：

一. 单纯连接-----which, that, who, whom, as

1) 把两个具有相同成份的句子进行连接, 其中一个句子中相同的成份被换成连接词。

I saw a man in the street. The man was in rags.

I saw a man who was in rags in the street.

2) 如果相同的成份是人，连接词可以是 that, who, whom

I am a student (that/ who/ whom) you once taught in the country school.

3) 如果相同成份是物，连接词汇可以是 that, which, as.

I gave hime a book (that/which) I bought for him as his birthday present.

4) 在下列情况下，连接词只能是 that

① 名词前有 the only, the very, few, little, many, any, the right, the last, just, ever,no 等修饰时用 that 例句 He is

the last man that I want to see.

② 名词前有序数词修饰、有最高级修饰的时候。

He told me to take the fastest train that he had taken to Beijing.

③ 名词是不定代词 all, little, few, much, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, some 等的时候。

The old man gave me all his tools that were kept in his garage.

④ 如果相同成份既有人，又有物，连接词是 that

I really miss the people and the night bars that I had been farmiliar with in the downtown.

⑤ 如果名词前有 the same, such, so, as 等修饰的时候，如果所指的是同一事物，用 that，如果是同一类事

物，用 as。

The teacher showed him the same book that I had. (展示给他的就是我那本书)

The teacher showed him the same book as I had. （展示给他的跟我的书一样）

⑥ 如果名词是 who 或者 which, 定语从句连词用 that。

Who that has won so much money would live in such a poor house?

5) 只能用 which 或whom 的情况。

① 如果连接词前有介词的时候，连接词通常是 which 或者 whom。

Tell me the neareast station from which I can take a train to Gui Lin.

② 非限定性定语从句中，连词通常是 which 或者 as

As is often the case, taxi drivers often work late into night.

The car broke down on the way, which caused a traffic jam.

6）非限定性定语从句 which, as 的区别。

Which 打击面小，一般就事论事；as 打击面大，有点翻小肠。

As is often the case, he was late. 如往常一样，他又晚了。

（他晚了，这样的事情经常发生，说这次，顺便把所有的事都重提一遍）

He was late, which made the teacher angry.

他来晚了，让老师很生气。（他来晚了是老师生气的直接原因，就一件事）

所以不是有人说的，在开头必须用 as, 在后面 as 和which 可以互换，两者是完全不能互换的。

二. 附加介词 ___+which/whom

定语从句中的相同成份有可能和动词短语、介词短语构成动宾关系，要严格区分介词。

I attended a job interview through which I learned that experience is important.

There are altogether eleven books on the shelf, of which five are mine.

He was educated at a local grammar school, after which he went on to Cambridge.

He may win the competition, in which case he is likely to get into the national team.

三. 介连合体---where, why, when, whose，

如果先行词在从句中做状语用 where, why, when 或者是先行词所有格形式可以用 whose，或者 of which

the 的形式。

I couldn’t find a shop where I could buy a tie to match my suit.

在从句中, in the shop 做地点状语，所以变成 in +which=where,但是不是说所有的 in+which 都等于 where,

关键看它在从句中是否充当状语，其实 on/ under/above/at/beside+which 也都可以等于 where。

He told me the reason for which he was late.

He told me the reason why he was late.

I want a house of which the windows face south.

=I want a house the windows of which face south.

=I want a house whose windows face south.

一些特殊的先行词出现，连接词有可能用 where, 比如: case, situation, company, field, atmosphere, degree,

point, level 等。但不是绝对化，要看它们在从句中是否做状语，如果不是状语，则不能用。

1). Imagine a future __ most adults own individual self-driving vehicles. (where)

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