专题7：从命题立意看考查意图 - 2021年高考英语阅读理解解题技巧及真题演练

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第七讲：解题有情怀——从命题立意高度审视考

查意图，妙杀题目

仔细分析近三年高考阅读理解题，我们不难发现每年的题目都是在“稳中有变”“变

中有进”。高考命题的立意，在经历了知识立意时代、能力立意时代之后，当前已正式进

入核心素养立意时代，其内容分为语言能力、文化意识、思维品质和学习能力。

高考将“立德树人、服务选才、引导教学”的核心功能融入到命题选材中，围绕人与

自我、人与社会和人与自然三大主题语境选材，引导学生关注社会、思考问题，具有中国

情怀、国际视野，渗透“五育”教育，培育全面发展的时代新人。我们阅读文章时，尽量

能够准确把握命题人的选材意图和文章的写作意图；在做题时，要具备高度思维，一些积

极的、正能量的、与观点呼应的选项往往是正确选项。

一、人与自我类

高考文章多从“个人生活”“健康的生活方式”“学校生活”“语言学习”“做人做

事”等方面选材。文章内容通常是引导考生养成健康的生活方式、积极的生活态度，形成

优秀品行、正确的人生观和价值观等。因此，考生要多从积极的、正能量的方向去获取文

章大意和写作意图。

[典例]　(2020·全国卷Ⅱ阅读 D)

I have a special place in my heart for libraries.I have for as long as I can remember.I was

always an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child.Stories were

like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through

the books I checked out from the library.

My first job was working at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old.It was a dream job

and I did everything from shelving books to reading to the children for story time.

As I grew older and became a mother, the library took on a new place and

an_added_meaning in my life.I had several children and books were our main source ( 来源) of

entertainment.It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could

pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.

I always read, using different voices, as though I were acting out the stories with my voice

and they loved it! It was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the

wonderment of books.

Now, I see my children taking their children to the library and I love that the excitement of

going to the library lives on from generation to generation.

As a novelist, I’ve found a new relationship with libraries.I encourage readers to go to their

local library when they can’t afford to purchase a book.I see libraries as a safe haven ( 避风港) for

readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book.Libraries, in their own

way, help fight book piracy ( 盗版行为 ) and I think all writers should support libraries in a

significant way when they can.Encourage readers to use the library.Share library announcements

on your social media.Frequent them and talk about them when you can.

32．Which word best describes the author’s relationship with books as a child?

A．Cooperative.　　　　　 B．Uneasy.

C．Inseparable. D．Casual.

33．What does the underlined phrase “an added meaning” in paragraph 3 refer to?

A．Pleasure from working in the library.

B．Joy of reading passed on in the family.

C．Wonderment from acting out the stories.

D．A closer bond developed with the readers.

[立意分析]　

本文的选材属于人与自我类。文章讲述了作者是一个热情的读者，孩提时热衷读书，

第一份工作在图书馆。有了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去。

作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图书馆，宣传图书馆。命题人选择此文的目的是引导

考生具有辩证思维能力，理解个人与图书馆之间的关系，养成热爱读书的习惯。因而，考

生在做题目的时候，一定要多从这个方面去考虑正确答案。

[妙杀题目]

32 ．选C　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“I was always an enthusiastic reader,

sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child.Stories were like air to me and while other

kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the

library.(我一直是一个热情的读者，孩提时，有时候每天读多达三本书。故事对我来说就像

空气，而其他孩子则打球或参加聚会。我通过从图书馆借阅来的书籍经历冒险)”可推断，

作者小时候与书是密不可分的。故选 C。

33．选 B　词义猜测题。根据上文“As I grew older and became a mother”可知，随着作

者年龄的增长，她成了一位母亲，结合下文“I had several children and books were our main

source (来源) of entertainment.It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where

my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.(我有几个孩子，

书是我们娱乐的主要来源。对于我们来说，坐上车去当地的图书馆是件大事，在那里我的

孩子们可以挑选要阅读的书或者想让我给他们读的书)”可推断，作者成了母亲以后，带着

孩子去图书馆，孩子挑选书籍来阅读，或者作者读给他们听，因此可知图书馆在作者的生

活中又增添了新的意义，阅读的乐趣在家庭中代代相传。故选 B。

二、人与社会类

高考文章多从“社会交往”“人际关系”“体育活动”“志愿服务”“文化渊源”

“科技发展”等方面选材。这些文章的内容通常是引导考生建立良好的人际关系与社会交

往；热衷于公益事业与志愿服务；正确理解中外文化差异和融通，具有跨文化意识；能够

以尊重文化多样性的方式调适交际策略；领悟世界文化的多样性和丰富性，具有人类命运

共同体的意识；分析、鉴别文化现象所反映的价值取向，自觉坚定文化自信；汲取优秀文

化，具有正确的价值观、健康的审美情趣和道德情感；了解科技发展现状，培养热爱科学

的意识。

[典例]　(2019·全国卷Ⅱ阅读 C)

Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach’s Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e-

book as she waits for her salad.What is she reading? None of your business! Lunch is Bechtel’s

“me” time.And like more Americans, she’s not alone.

A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America.More than half (53

percent) have breakfast alone and nearly half (46 percent) have lunch by themselves.Only at

dinnertime are we eating together anymore, 74 percent, according to statistics from the report.

“I prefer to go out and be out.Alone, but together, you know？” Bechtel said, looking up

from her book.Bechtel, who works in downtown West Palm Beach, has lunch with coworkers

sometimes, but like many of us, too often works through lunch at her desk.A lunchtime escape

allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder.She returns to work feeling

energized.“Today, I just wanted some time to myself，” she said.

Just two seats over, Andrew Mazoleny, a local videographer, is finishing his lunch at the

bar.He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he’s

on a firstname basis if he wants to have a little interaction (交流)．“I reflect on how my day’s

gone and think about the rest of the week，” he said.“It’s a chance for selfreflection.You return

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