专题5：主旨大意题 - 2021年高考英语阅读理解解题技巧及真题演练

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第五讲：准解题——主旨大意题(高屋建瓴明意旨)

　　主旨大意题是阅读理解中考生失

分最多的题目，因为该类试题不仅考

查考生略读文章、领会大意的能力，

也对考生的归纳、概括能力提出了较

高的要求。文章中没有明显的解题依

据，需要考生从文章中抽取、提炼一

些关键词、主干句进行加工概括，才

能归纳出文章的主旨。所以，遇到主

旨大意题时切勿草率作答，一定要读

完读通文章后再做判定，建议考生把

此类题放到最后来做。此类题目可分

为三大类，即标题归纳题、文章大意

题和段落大意题。

正确

选项

特征

涵盖性强，覆盖全文或全段

确定的范围恰当，既不太大，也不太小

精确性强，不会改变语言表意的程度及色彩

干扰

选项

特征

过于笼

统，不知

所云

所给选项内容概括的范围过大，超

出全文或全段所述内容

以偏概

全，主次

不分

所给选项只阐述了文章的一部分内

容，或以文章中的细节信息或个别

词作为选项的设置内容，或以次要

的事实或细节充当全文的主要观点

移花接

木，偷换

概念

所给选项被命题者有意识地把本属

于A的内容放在 B上，若不留神，

极易选错答案

无中生

有，生搬

硬套

所给选项的关键词语虽然在文章中

谈到了，但经过仔细阅读分析之

后，发现选项的内容与文章的内容

毫无联系

一、概括主旨大意的 3条途径

1．主题句在第一段

新闻报道、说明文、议论文等文章的主题句通常在开头。主题句出现在文章的开头，

起着开宗明义、点明主题的作用，它可以使读者一开始就明白文章所讲的内容及主旨。而

支撑句则是通过使用一些具体的人、物、数字或具体的步骤来阐述或论证主题。在文中找

到主题句后，考生可以很容易地概括出文章的主旨大意。

[典例 1]　Honey (蜂蜜) from the African forest is not only a kind of natural sugar, but it is

also delicious.Most people and many animals like eating it.However, the only way for them to get

that honey is to find a wild bees’ nest ( 巢) and take the honey from it.Often, these nests are high

up in trees, and it is difficult to find them.In parts of Africa, though, people and animals looking

for honey have a strange and unexpected helper — a little bird called a honey guide.

The honey guide does not actually like honey, but it does like the wax ( 蜂蜡) in the beehives

(蜂房)．The little bird cannot reach this wax, which is deep inside the bees’ nest.So, when it finds

a suitable nest, it looks for someone to help it.The honey guide gives a loud cry that attracts the

attention of both passing animals and people.Once it has their attention, it flies through the forest,

waiting from time to time for the curious animal or person as it leads them to the nest.When they

finally arrive at the nest, the follower reaches in to get at the delicious honey as the bird patiently

waits and watches.Some of the honey, and the wax, always falls to the ground, and this is when

the honey guide takes its share.

Scientists do not know why the honey guide like eating the wax, but it is very determined in

its efforts to get it.The birds seem to be able to smell wax from a long distance away.They will

quickly arrive whenever a beekeeper is taking honey from his beehives, and will even enter

churches when beeswax candles are being lit.

1．What can be the best title for the text?

A．Wild Bees　　　　　　　 B．Wax and Honey

C．Beekeeping in Africa D．HoneyLover’s Helper

分析：本文属于典型的三段论。第一段旨在导入话题，为下文做铺垫，介绍了非洲森

林里的一种美食——野蜂蜜。但是，由于蜂巢都在高高的树上，人们很难找到它。一种奇

特的小鸟是蜂蜜爱好者的好帮手，它能让蜂蜜爱好者找到蜂巢。第一段的最后一句

“...people and animals looking for honey have a strange and unexpected helper — a little bird

called a honey guide.”是全文的主题句；第二段针对“a honey guide”的觅食方法进行了详细

的介绍；最后一段介绍了导蜂鸟的另一种觅食方式。因此本文的最佳标题为 D。

2．主题句在最后一段

文章的结尾通常起到照应开头、总结全文、升华主题的作用。作者在最后一段对全文

的内容进行概括和总结，进一步明确或强调文章的中心思想，使作者的观点表达得更清楚

因此，有时考生可以在最后一段中找到主题句，从而准确把握文章的主旨。

[典例 2]　When I was a boy there were no smart phones, and our television only got one

channel clearly.Still, I never felt bored.The fields, hills and woodlands around my home were the

perfect playground whose adventures were only limited by my imagination.I can remember once

hiking to nearby lake and walking slowly around it.At the back of it I was amazed to find an old

dirt road that I had never seen before.It was full of muddy tyre ( 轮胎 ) tracks and deep woods

bordered it on both sides, but exploring it still seemed like a fine adventure.

I walked on and on for what seemed like hours.I was sure my guardian angel was whispering

in my ears “turn around and head back home”， but I was stubborn and walked on.There was still

neither a car nor a house in sight.I noticed that the sun was starting to go down and I grew scared.I

didn’t want to end up trapped on this road, and I was worried that it would be dark before I could

make my way back to the lake again.

I continued to walk on with something growing inside of me.My heart was pounding and my

legs were aching.I was almost in tears when I saw something in the distance.It was a house that I

recognized.I jumped up and down and laughed out loud.It was still over a mile away, but my legs

felt like feathers and I hurried back to my house in no time.I walked in with a big smile on my

face just in time for dinner.Then I ended my adventure with a good night’s sleep.

I often thought of that experience recently.Actually, in our life, all roads, no matter how they

twist and turn, can lead us home again.They can lead us to our homes in our hearts.May you

always walk your path with love! May you always help your fellow travelers along the way! And

may your roads always lead you home again!

2．What may be the best title for the passage?

A．Every Effort Is Worthwhile

B．All Roads Lead Home

C．Be Determined in Your Life

D．Be Brave to Adventure

分析：本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者在儿时的一段探险经历。一开始，他绕着湖慢

慢走，后来沿着一条土路继续往前走，穿过了森林。当日落西山时，他来到了一个完全陌

生的地方。虽然他担心迷路，也想尽快返回，但是，少年的执着使他冒着迷失的风险继续

前行。使作者感到惊讶的是，走出森林后，他看到远方自己熟悉的家园。这次探险活动有

惊无险，他最终安全无恙地返回家中。最后一段中的“...in our life, all roads, no matter how

they twist and turn, can lead us home again.”是全文的主题句。因此本文的最佳标题为 B。

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