专题2 细节理解题-备战2022年高考英语阅读理解微技能培养与训练

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专题 2 细节理解题

【方法指导】及【典例】

一、语义转换题——跳读查找法

　　通常情况下,细节理解题主要考查考生对某句话或某几句话的理解,同学们若能根据题

干内容从原文中找到相关的句子,然后进行比较和分析,便可确定最佳答案。

运用跳读查找法时,同学们要特别注意试题(包括选项)与原文之间的适当变换。从近几

年的高考题来看,很少有直接用原文中的句子进行考查和测试的,而通常要进行语义转换,其

中包括同义变换、概念解析、归纳事实等。

My kids really understand solar and earth-heat energy,” says a second-grade teacher in

Saugus，California. “Some of them are building solar collectors for their energy course.” These

young scientists are part of City Building Educational Program （CBEP）, a particular program

for kindergarten through twelfth grade that uses the stages of city planning to teach basic

reading，writing and math skills, and more.

　　 The children don’t just plan any city. They map and analyze the housing, energy, and

transportation requirements of their own district and foretell its needs in 100 years. With the aid of

an architect who visits the classroom once a week, they invent new ways to meet these needs and

build models of their creations. “Designing buildings of the future gives children a lot of

freedom,” says the teacher who developed this program. “They are able to use their own rich

imagination and inventions without fear of blame, because there are no wrong answers in a future

context. In fact, as the class enters the final model-building stage of the program, an elected

‘official’ and ‘planning group’ make all the design decisions for the model city, and the teacher

steps back and becomes an adviser.”

　　 CBEP is a set of activities, games and imitations that teach the basic steps necessary for

problem-solving: observing, analyzing, working out possible answers, and judging them based on

the children’s own standards.

　　1. An architect pays a weekly visit to the classroom________ .

　　A. to find out kids’ creative ideas B. to discuss with the teacher

　　C. to give children lectures D. to help kids with their program

　　2. Who is the designer of the program?

　　A. An official. B. An architect. C. A teacher. D. A scientist.

　　【解题分析】

　　1. 选D。根据第 2段中的 With the aid of an architect who visits the classroom once a

week，they invent new ways to meet these needs and build models of their creations 可知答案为

D。句中的 aid 意为“帮助”，与 help 同义。

　　 2. 选 C。根据第 2段中的 ... the teacher who developed this program 可知答案选

C。develop 与 design 在此大致同义。

二、生活应用题 —— 常识理解法

生活应用题要求考生在读懂文章的基础上结合一定的生活常识进行判断。高考题有时

也会出现这类题,运用一定的生活常识并结合文意即可选出最佳答案。

A child’s birthday party doesn’t have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun, according to

Beth Anaclerio, an Evaston mother of two, ages 4 and 18 months.

　　“Having a party at home usually requires a lot of running around on the part of the parents,

and often the birthday boy or girl gets lost in wild excitement. But it really doesn’t have to be that

way ， ” said Anaclerio. Last summer, Anaclerio and her friend Jill Carlisle ，a Northbrook

mother of a 2-year-old，founded a home party-planning business called “A Party in a Basket”.

Their goal is to help parents and children share in the fun part of party planning, like choosing the

subject or making a cake, while they take care of everything. Drawing on their experiences as

mothers，they have created（制作） 10 ready-to-use, home party packages. Everything a family

needs to plan a party，except the cake and ice cream, is delivered to the home in a large basket.

　　“Our parties are aimed for children 2 to 10, ” Anaclerio said, “And they’re very

interactive （互动） and creative in that they build a sense of drama based on a subject. For

example, at the Soda Shoppe party the guests become waiters and waitresses and build wonderful

ice cream creations.”

　　The standard $ 200 package for eight children includes a basket filled with invitations, gifts,

games and prizes, paper goods, a party planner and the like. For more information, call Anaclerio

at 708-864-6584 or Carlisle at 708-205-9141.

　　1.Which of the following is most likely to be a party planner?

　　A.B.C.D.

【解题分析】

　　先看四个选项（图形）所表示的意思：选项 A 是一个记事本，左边写着

Date，Things to do ...，右边写着 People to invite...；选项 B 是一份礼品；选项 C 是一张

卡片，上面写着 Happy Birthday；选项 D 是一份菜单，上面写着 Potato soup 3.00...等。聪

明的考生，只要注意到题干中的 a party planner，便可排除 B、C 选项，因为根据常识，

它们显然不是 planner（计划书）。至于 A、D 两项到底选哪项呢？两项都有点像

planner，但仔细比较一下便可知 A 最佳。a party planner 的意思是“晚会计划书”，根据

常识，要计划一场晚会，当然首先要明确日期（date），还要确定做些什么事（things to

do）以及邀请什么人（people to invite）等；而选项 D只是一份菜单，它标明的只是一些菜

的价格，显然与 a party planner 不符。

三、细节排序题 —— 首尾定位法

这种试题要求考生根据事件发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系,找出事件发生的正

确顺序。同学们在做这种题时可采用“首尾定位法”,即先找出第一个事件和最后一个事件,

然后缩小选择范围,从而能快速选出正确答案。

Fat and shy, Ben Saunders was the last kid in his class picked for any sports team. “Football,

tennis, cricket—anything with a round ball, I was useless,” he says now with a laugh. But back

then he was the one always made fun of in school gym classes in Devonshire，England.

　　It was a mountain bike he received for his 15th birthday that changed him. At first he went

biking alone in a nearby forest. Then he began to ride the bike along with a runner friend.

Gradually，Saunders set up his mind on building up his body，increasing his speed and strength.

At the age of 18，he ran his first marathon.

　　The following year he met John Ridgway and was hired as an instructor at Ridgway’s school

of adventure in Scotland ，where he learnt about Ridgway’s cold-water exploits. Greatly

interested，Saunders read all he could about North Pole explorers and adventures ，then decided

that this would be his future.

　　In 2001, after becoming a skillful skier, Saunders started his first long-distance expedition

towards the North Pole. It took unbelievable energy. He suffered frostbite, ran into a polar bear

and pushed his body to the limit, pulling his supply-loaded sled up and over rocky rice.

　　 Saunders has since become the youngest person to ski alone to the North Pole ，and he’s

skied more of the North Pole by himself than any other British man. His old playmates would not

believe the change.

　　Next October, Saunders, 27, heads south from the coast of Antarctica to the South Pole and

back，a 2900-kilometer journey that has never been completed on skis.

　　1. Which of the following is the correct order of the events that happened to Saunders?

a. He ran his first marathon.

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