专题1：快读文，知大意 - 2021年高考英语阅读理解解题技巧及真题演练

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侵权投诉

第一讲：“快”读文——把握“结构”知大意 “选

择性”阅读省时力

面对卷面阅读量日益加大的高考，从某种程度上来说，谁赢得了阅读时间，谁就赢得

了考场的“气定神闲”。考场上的阅读，不是逐词逐句的品读，而是扫读与精读相结合，

有侧重点的“选择读”。怎样把控好“选择读”的尺度，何处该扫读，何处该精读，这就

关乎到一个行文结构的问题，掌握了文章的常见行文结构，就能驾轻就熟地运用 “选择

读”。

按行文结构分类，英语阅读文章大致可分为以下五种类型：故事叙述型、现象解释型、

结论解释型、问题解决型和观点对比型。下面主要介绍这五种类型文章的结构与布局的一

般规律。

[典例]　(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ·B 篇)

[1]Jennifer Mauer has needed more willpower than the typical college student to pursue her

goal of earning a nursing degree.That willpower bore fruit when Jennifer graduated from

University of WisconsinEau Claire and became the first in her large family to earn a bachelor’s

degree.

[2]Mauer, of Edgar, Wisconsin, grew up on a farm in a family of 10 children.Her dad worked

at a job away from the farm, and her mother ran the farm with the kids.After high school, Jennifer

attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition (学费), because there was no extra

money set aside for a college education.After graduation, she worked to help her sisters and

brothers pay for their schooling.

[3]Jennifer now is married and has three children of her own.She decided to go back to

college to advance her career and to be able to better support her family while doing something

she loves: nursing.She chose the UWEau Claire program at Ministry Saint Joseph’s Hospital in

Marshfield because she was able to pursue her fouryear degree close to home.She could drive to

class and be home in the evening to help with her kids.Jennifer received great support from her

family as she worked to earn her degree: Her husband worked two jobs to cover the bills, and her

68yearold mother helped take care of the children at times.

[4]Through it all, she remained in good academic standing and graduated with

honors.Jennifer sacrificed ( 牺牲 ) to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and

missing important events to study.“Some nights my heart was breaking to have to pick between

my kids and studying for exams or papers，” she says.However, her children have learned an

important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree.Jennifer is a firstgeneration graduate and

an inspiration to her family — and that’s pretty powerful.

[心得体悟]　本篇文章采用了倒叙的写法，开头描述了事件的结局——文章的主人公

——珍妮弗·莫尔通过付出比普通大学生更多的意志力获得了护理学位，成为她大家庭中第

一个获得学士学位的人。然后文章交代了事件的发生与发展——兄妹 10 人，家庭不富裕→

高中毕业后上了当地的技术学院，边工边读→毕业后，打工帮助兄弟姐妹支付学费→结婚

生子后白天上课，晚上回家照顾孩子。文章的结尾对这一事件做了评价。

了解了故事叙述型文章的行文结构后，在备考或应试时，重点关注故事的细节与结局，

因为结局中对事件的评价部分往往是命题人设置问题的地方。

[典例]　(2020·全国卷Ⅱ·C 篇)

[1]When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday

list, fur probably didn’t cross your mind.But some ecologists and fashion ( 时装) enthusiasts are

trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria (海狸鼠)．

[2]Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur made

into clothes in different styles.“It sounds crazy to talk about guiltfree fur — unless you

understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year，” says Cree McCree, project

director of Righteous Fur.

[3]Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail.Some

of the fur ends up in the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.

[4]Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild.“The

ecosystem down there can’t handle this nonnative species ( 物种 )．It’s destroying the

environment.It’s them or us，” says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.

[5]The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades, but when the market for nutria collapsed in

the late 1980s, the catsized animals multiplied like crazy.

[6]Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana.He says it’s not

easy to convince people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it.Hunters bring in more

than 300,000 nutria tails a year, so part of Mouton’s job these days is trying to promote fur.

[7]Then there’s Righteous Fur and its unusual fashions.Model Paige Morgan says, “To give

people a guiltfree option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them — I think

that’s going to be a massive thing, at least here in New York.” Designer Jennifer Anderson

admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is

morally acceptable.She’s trying to come up with a label to attach to nutria fashions to show it is

ecofriendly.

[心得体悟]　通过分析文章来看，第一段开头提出现象，接着下文对这种现象进行解

释：一是海狸鼠每年都在破坏大片的湿地；二是海狸鼠的疯狂繁殖造成数量巨大，然后对

这些解释进行了评价。

了解了现象解释型文章的行文结构后，考生在备考和应试时，应知晓一般不会考查现

象，进行浏览性阅读即可，重点阅读的是对现象的解释和评价。

[典例]　(2020·全国卷Ⅰ·B 篇)

[1]Returning to a book you’ve read many times can feel like drinks with an old

friend.There’s a welcome familiarity — but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has

changed you both, and thus the relationship.But books don’t change, people do.And that’s what

makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.

[2]The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our

present mental register.It’s true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings.But with reading,

it’s all about the present.It’s about the now and what one contributes to the now, because reading is

a give and take between author and reader.Each has to pull their own weight.

[3]There are three books I reread annually.The first, which I take to reading every spring, is

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