专题14 语言与学习-2021年高考英语阅读理解话题分类训练

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（1）厦门外国语学校 2021 届高三第一次阶段性检测之 C篇

It is calculated that some of the world's 7, 000 languages are in danger of getting extinct. “For example, Ainu,

a language in Japan, is now seriously threatened, with only 10 native speakers remaining” said lead study author

Tatsuya Amano at the University of Cambridge in England.

The scientists found that 25 percent of the world's languages are threatened. After identifying where the

endangered languages were, they looked for any environmental and social or economic factors those languages

might have in common, such as poor areas or rapid population growth. “We find that at the global scale, language

speaker declines( 减少 ) are strongly linked to economic growth—that is, declines are particularly occurring in

economically developed regions,” Amano said.

“One important finding of this new study is that languages in the tropics and Himalayan region are likely to be

increasingly threatened in the near future, because these regions still have many local indigenous languages( 本地

语) with a small number of speakers, and at the same time are experiencing rapid economic growth,” Amano said.

Economic growth may endanger languages for a variety of reasons. For instance, speakers of endangered

languages may view another more popular language as offering economic opportunities, and thus forego their own

languages. “There are other important factors that might endanger languages,” the researchers said. For instance,

policies regarding how languages are used and taught in schools can be very different among countries and even

within each country, and these factors may explain more detailed patterns in language endangerment.

Amano suggested it could be possible to forecast future threats to the diversity of languages. “There exists

detailed information on future changes in the environment, economies and climates,” Amano said. “Using such

information, together with the findings of this study and further analysis, we would like to understand what will

happen to the world's languages, where it will happen and which languages will be threatened in particular.”

28. Why is the language of Ainu mentioned in Paragraph 1?

A. To show that it is most likely to disappear in the future

B. To prove that Japanese is now seriously threatened

C. To show that few people speak Japanese in the world

D. To prove that Japanese is made up of many languages

29. What may endanger the languages most according to Amano?

A. The diversity of society. B. The decline of the population.

C. The improvement of the environment. D. The development of economy.

30. What does the underlined word “forego” probably mean?

A. Employ. B. Desert.

C. Record. D. Advance.

31. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A. The world's languages are developing at a rapid speed.

B. The study may be of use in stopping languages dying out.

C. It is rather hard for us to protect the diversity of languages.

D. Future threats to the diversity of languages are unpredictable.

【答案】28. A 29. D 30. B 31. B

【解析】

【分析】

这是一篇说明文。据统计，世界上 7000 种语言中有一些濒临灭绝。文章主要讲述了世界上有很多语言面临

灭绝的现状，分析了造成语言面临灭绝的原因。

【28 题详解】

推理判断题。文章第一段 It is calculated that some of the world's 7, 000 languages are in danger of getting

extinct. “For example, Ainu, a language in Japan, is now seriously threatened, with only 10 native speakers

remaining”可知提到世界上许多语言面临着灭绝的危险，接着以日本的阿伊努语为例，这说明该语言在未

来有可能消失。故第 1段提到阿伊努语是为了表明它很可能在未来消失。故选 A。

【29 题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“ We find that at the global scale, language speaker declines( 减少) are

strongly linked to economic growth—that is, declines are particularly occurring in economically developed

regions,” Amano said.可知，Amano 认为经济的发展有可能引起某种语言的使用人数减少，使得这种语言濒

临灭绝。故选 D。

【30 题详解】

词义猜测题。根据上文 Economic growth may endanger languages for a variety of reasons. For instance, speakers

of endangered languages may view another more popular language as offering economic opportunities, and thus…

可知由于种种原因，经济增长可能危及语言。例如，濒危语言的使用者可能认为另一种更受欢迎的语言提

供了经济机会，因此放弃了自己的语言。故可推测划线单词意思为 “放弃；舍弃” 。A. Employ.雇用；B.

Desert.舍弃；C. Record.记录；D. Advance.前进。故选 B。

【31 题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一段第三句“Using such information, together with the findings of this study and further

analysis, we would like to understand what will happen to the world's languages, where it will happen and which

languages will be threatened in particular.”（“利用这些信息，结合这项研究的结果和进一步的分析，我们希

望了解世界上的语言将会发生什么，将在哪里发生，以及哪些语言将受到特别的威胁。”）可知，这项研

究可能有助于阻止语言的消亡。故选 B。

【点睛】词义猜测题是高考阅读理解中常考题型之一，可以大致分为

① 定义猜词，可以根据定义信息和举例猜测词义。如文中常用 refer to，be called 或that’s to say，such as 等。

② 逻辑猜词可以根据同义词、反义词、因果关系词等猜测词义，例如，similarly, the same as, but, however,

while, on the other hand, since ,because 等，所猜词与这些提示词前/后面部分的含义一样、相反或是前因后果。

③ 语法猜词，可以根据构词法，再结合上下文进行猜词。

④ 语境猜词，猜测词义离不开上下文的语境，通过上下文提供的情景和线索进行合理的分析，同时还要关

注其所在的整段及整篇文章。

⑤ 指代猜词即找出人称代词、指示代词、关系代词或关系副词等所指代的内容，做题时要注意指代词的位

置，以便于判断，然后用所找的指代内容替换划线代词，核实其逻辑、意义、位置等是否一致，最后比较

所找部分与选项，确定意思最接近的选项。

如第三小题，根据上文 Economic growth may endanger languages for a variety of reasons. For instance, speakers

of endangered languages may view another more popular language as offering economic opportunities, and thus…

可知由于种种原因，经济增长可能危及语言。例如，濒危语言的使用者可能认为另一种更受欢迎的语言提

供了经济机会，因此放弃了自己的语言。故可推测划线单词意思为 “放弃；舍弃”。A. Employ.雇用；B.

Desert.舍弃；C. Record.记录；D. Advance.前进。故选 B。

（2）海门市2021 届高三第一次诊断测试之D篇

Muazzez Kocek, 46, is considered one of the best whistlers in Kuskoy, a village in Turkey's northern Giresun

province. Her whistle can be heard over the area’s vast tea fields. When President of Turkey visited Kuskoy in

2012, she greeted him and proudly whistled, “Welcome to our village!” She uses kus dili, or “bird language”. For

hundreds of years, this whistled form of communication has been critical for farming in this place, allowing

complex conversations over long distances and making animal herding ( 放牧) easier to do. However, because of

the increased use of cellphones, the language is at risk of dying out.

Turkey is one of a handful of countries in the world where whistling languages exist. They attract linguistic

(语言学的) experts very much. There is a long-held belief that language interpretation occurs mostly in the left

hemisphere ( 大脑半球), and tunes and singing on the right. But a study conducted in Kuskoy suggests that

whistling language is processed in both hemispheres.

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