专题13 医学、卫生与健康（2）-2021年高考英语阅读理解话题分类训练

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（5）淮海中学 2021 届高三年级阶段性测试之 D篇

Autism Spectrum Disorder(ASD)(孤独症）is a disability that can cause serious social, communication and

behavioral problems. There is often nothing about how people with ASD look that makes them different from other

people, but people with ASD may communicate, interact, behave, and learn in ways that are different from most

other people. The learning, thinking, and problem-solving abilities of people with ASD can range from pretty good

to extremely bad. Some people with ASD need a lot of help in their daily lives; others need less.

People with ASD often have problems with social, emotional, and communication skills. They might repeat

certain behaviors and might not want change in their daily activities. Many people with ASD may also have

difficulties learning, paying attention, or reacting to things. Signs of ASD begin during early childhood and

probably last throughout a person's life.

Diagnosing( 诊断） ASD can be difficult since there is no medical test, like a blood test, to assess the

disorders. Doctors look at the child's behavior and development to make a judgement. ASD can sometimes be

diagnosed at 18 months or younger. By age 2, an experienced doctor can be considered very reliable in diagnosing

ASD. However, many children may not see a doctor until much older.

There is currently no cure for ASD. However, research shows that early treatment services can improve a

child's development. Early treatment services help children from birth to 3 years old (36 months) learn important

skills. Therefore, it is important to talk to your child's doctor as soon as possible if you think your child has ASD or

other developmental problems.

We do not know all of the causes of ASD. However, most scientists agree that genes are one of the highest risk

factors that can make a person more likely to develop ASD.

If you think your child might have ASD or you think there could be a problem with the way your child plays,

learns, speaks, or acts, contact your child's doctor, and share your concerns. If you're not sure who to contact, call

the Early Childhood Technical Assistance Center (ECTA)at 919-962-2001.Or visit the ECTA website:

https://ectacenter.org.

12. Which of the following behaviors may NOT belong to the children or adults with ASD?

A. Repeating actions over and over again.

B. Having trouble expressing their needs.

C. Avoiding eye contact and want to be alone.

D. Being happy to make changes.

13. What can we infer from the article?

A. The earlier an ASD kid is diagnosed, the better it is for his(her)treatment.

B. Doctors simply have no way to diagnose an ASD kid at all.

C. Doctors can diagnose ASD by blood testing.

D. Doctors can diagnose ASD with the help of machines.

14. Who is most likely to be an ASD patient of the following people?

A. Someone who prefers to talk a lot in daily life.

B. Someone who has got an ASD brother.

C. Someone who wants to hug you in public.

D. Someone who sings in a strange voice.

15. Where is this article possibly from?

A. A guidebook for new parents. B. Education section of a newspaper.

C. A student's diary. D. A medical magazine.

【答案】12. D 13. A 14. B 15. D

【解析】

【分析】

本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍孤独症，也是自闭症，讲述患自闭症人的特点，治疗和控制的最佳时期，

以及感染风险高的人等等。

【12 题详解】

细节理解题。根据文章第一段 The learning, thinking, and problem-solving abilities of people with ASD can

range from pretty good to extremely bad. Some people with ASD need a lot of help in their daily lives; others need

less.自闭症患者的学习、思考和解决问题的能力可以很好，也可以很差。有些 ASD 患者在日常生活中需要

很多帮助，有些则不需要。第二段 People with ASD often have problems with social, emotional, and

communication skills. They might repeat certain behaviors and might not want change in their daily activities.

Many people with ASD may also have difficulties learning, paying attention, or reacting to things.自闭症患者通常

在社交、情感和沟通技巧方面存在问题。他们可能会重复某些行为，并不想改变他们的日常活动。许多患

有ASD 的人也可能在学习、集中注意力或对事物做出反应方面有困难。可以看出 ABC 都属于患有 ASD 的

行为，故选 D。

【13 题详解】

推理判断题。根据文章第四段 There is currently no cure for ASD. However, research shows that early treatment

services can improve a child's development. Early treatment services help children from birth to 3 years old(36

months)learn important skills. Therefore, it is important to talk to your child's doctor as soon as possible if you

think your child has ASD or other developmental problems. 目前还没有治愈 ASD 的方法。然而，研究表明，

早期治疗服务可以改善儿童的发展。早期治疗服务帮助从出生到 3岁(36 个月)的儿童学习重要的技能。因

此，如果你认为你的孩子有 ASD 或其他发育问题，尽快和你孩子的医生谈谈是很重要的。由此可以推断，

越早发现自闭症，越早接受治疗，效果越好，故选 A。

【14 题详解】

细节理解题。根据文章第五段 We do not know all of the causes of ASD. However, most scientists agree that

genes are one of the highest risk factors that can make a person more likely to develop ASD. 我们并不知道自闭症

的所有病因。然而，大多数科学家一致认为，基因是使人更容易患自闭症的最高风险因素之一。由此可知

有患自闭症兄弟的人更有可能患 ASD，故选 B。

【15 题详解】

推理判断题。文章主要介绍孤独症，也是自闭症，讲述患自闭症人的特点，治疗和控制的最佳时期，以及

感染风险高的人等等。因此文章的主题就是和自闭症病人有关的，所以这篇文章最有可能来自医学杂志，

故选 D。

【点睛】推理判断题的推断对象主要包括隐含意思、目标读者、观点态度、文章出处、写作意图等。以推

断隐含意义的题目居多。推断隐含意义，即要求根据文章的某个句子、段落或全文所提供的事实进行逻辑

推理，推断出作者没有提到、没有明说或者可能发生的事实。题干中常含 infer（推断），suggest（暗示），

imply（暗示），indicate（暗示），conclude（推断，得出结论）等词语。解此类题，首先找到相关信息，

然后细读、理解相关信息的字面意义，最后结合语境和常识，在字面意义的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断，

从而理解作者的言外之意。如小题2，根据文章第四段 There is currently no cure for ASD. However, research

shows that early treatment services can improve a child's development. Early treatment services help children from

birth to 3 years old(36 months)learn important skills. Therefore, it is important to talk to your child's doctor as soon

as possible if you think your child has ASD or other developmental problems. 目前还没有治愈 ASD 的方法。然

而，研究表明，早期治疗服务可以改善儿童的发展。早期治疗服务帮助从出生到 3岁(36 个月)的儿童学习

重要的技能。因此，如果你认为你的孩子有 ASD 或其他发育问题，尽快和你孩子的医生谈谈是很重要的。

由此可以推断，越早发现自闭症，越早接受治疗，效果越好，故选 A。

（6）2021 届广东省八区第一学期高三调研考试之 D篇

Smile! It makes everyone in the room feel better because they, consciously or unconsciously, are smiling

with you. Growing evidence shows that an instinct for facial mimicry （模仿）allows us to experience other

people's feelings. If we can't mirror another person's face, it limits our ability to read and properly react to their

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