专题11语法填空--2021年新高考英语题型分类研读与训练 (真题+新题)(解析版)

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11 语法填空
一.考点综述
法填空则侧重考查考生语法词汇在语境中的运用,强调词汇的变。同时强调语
析能力,凸显交际性和语境化特征。近年高考英语该题型的文章记叙文和说明文为主,考查的要
点分为词法和语法两部分,
词法部分包括:1)词类的转换,结合语境考查给出的提示词的名词、形容词或副词变化; 2)
词的固定搭配,名词的复数形式及运用;
语法部分包括:时态和语态的综合运用,非谓语动词,各种从句等。
二.真题再现
Passage1
2020·浙江卷】
Some time after 10000 BCpeople made the first real attempt to control the world they lived 56
through agriculture. Over thousands of yearsthey began to depend less on 57
could be hunted or
gathered from the wildand more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
Farming produced more food per person 58
hunting and gatheringso people were able to raise
more children. Andas more children were bornmore food 59
(need). Agriculture gave people their
first experience of the power of technology 60
(change)lives.
By about 6000 BCpeople 61
(discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise. Laterthey
learned to work with the 62
(season)planting at the right time andin dry areas 63
(make)use of
annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.
This style of farming lasted for quite a long time. Thenwith 64
rise of sciencechanges began.
New methods 65
(mean)that fewer people worked in farming. In the last century or sothese changes
have accelerated. New power machinery and artificial fertilizers(化肥)have now totally transformed a way
of life that started in the Stone Age.
【答案】
56in57what58than59was needed60to change61had
discovered62seasons63making64the65meant.
1
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了农业的发展历史。
56.考查介词。句意:公元前 10000 年以后,人们第一次真正尝试通过农业来控制他们所居住的世
界。分析可知,“they lived _____”应是之前名词 the world 的定语从句,定语从句引导词被省略,
可推知先行词应是在从句中作宾语,即:they lived in the world. live in+名词,意为“居住在某地”。
故填 in
57.考查名词性从句。句意:在几千年的时间里,他们开始减少对我们从野外采集的猎物的依赖,
而更多地依赖他们饲养的动物和播种的庄稼。分析句子,宾语从句部分缺主语,所以引导词应为
连接代词。根据句意,此处缺什么之意。故填 what
58.考查固定搭配。句意:农业比狩猎和采集的人均粮食产量更高。结合句意可知,此句中将农业
生产与狩猎和采集相比,应用比较连词 thanmore… than,意为“比……更”故填 than
59.考查时态语态。句意:随着越多的小孩出生,越多的食物被需要。分析句子,逻辑主语和 need
之间表示被动逻辑。同时此处描述的是过去的时间,所以时态应用过去时。故此处应用过去时的被
动语态。food 为不可数名词。故填 was needed
60.考查非谓语动词。句意:农业让人们第一次体验到技术改变生活的力量。分析句子,简单句中
已有动词 gave 故提示词部分需用非谓语动词。分析句意,此处需用不定式作定语。故填 to
change
61.考查时态。句意:大约在公元前 6000 年,人们已经发现了最适宜种植的庄稼和最适宜饲养的
牲畜。分析句子,简单句中除了提示词外无其余动词,故此处需用动词的时态。逻辑主语和提示词
之间表示主动逻辑。by + 过去时间 译为为止,后的句子用过去完成时。故填 had
discovered.
62.考查名词复数。句意:后来,他们学会地制宜,在适的时间播种,在干旱
年的洪水来灌溉农。分析句子,提示词的词性为为可数名词,应用复数形式。故填 seasons
63.考查非谓语动词。句意:后来,他们学会地制宜,在适的时间播种,在干旱
年的洪水来灌溉农。分析句子,make 所处的分句中无主语,故此处需用非谓语动词。make use
of 和逻辑主语 they 之间表示主动关系。所以此处用现在分词形式doing形式做状语。故填
making
64.考查定词。句意:随着科学崛起事情发生了变化。with the rise of 译为“随着......
”是固定语。故填 the
65.考查时态。句意:新方法意更少的人从农业。分析句子,主句部分无其他动词,故此处
需填时态。文章的体时态是过去时,根据时态一致原则此处应为过去时。逻辑主语和动词之间
2
表示主动关系。所以此处填过去时的主动形式。故填 meant
Passage 2
2020·山东卷】
Many people have the hobby of collecting things, e.g. stamps, postcards or antiques. In the 18th and
19th centuries, 36
(wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art. They
kept their collection at home until it got too big 37
until they died, and then it was given to a museum.
The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, 38
(form) the core collection of the
British Museum 39
opened in 1759.
The parts of a museum open to the public 40
(call) galleries or rooms. Often, only a small part of a
museum’s collection 41
(be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research.
Many museums are lively places and they attract a lot of visitors. As well as looking at exhibits,
visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine 42
(they) living at a different time in
history or 43
(walk)through a rainforest. At the Jorvik Centre in York, the city’s Viking settlement is
recreated, and people experience the sights, sounds and smells of the old town. Historical 44
(accurate) is
important but so is entertainment. Museums must compete 45
people’s spare time and money with other
amusements. Most museums also welcome school groups and arrange special activities for children.
【答案】
36wealthy37or38formed39which/that40are
called41is42themselves43walking44accuracy45for
【文章大意】是一篇说明文。文章主要介馆藏品的来给人们来的处和
挑战
36.考查形容词。句意:18 19 并收集植物、历史物。此处修饰名词
people,应使用形容词,定语。故填 wealthy
37.考查连词。句意:他们把自己藏品留里,收藏得太大或者自己去世,这些藏
给一家博。根据语境可知,前后述的是两可能性,应使用连词 or:。故填 or
38.考查动词时态。句意:例如汉斯•斯隆爵士8万件藏品构成1759 年开的大英
心藏品。此处是谓语动词,根据时间in1759 可知,应使用一过去时。故填 formed
39.考查定语从句。句意:例如汉斯•斯隆爵士8万件藏品构成1759 年开的大英
心藏品。此处是定性定语从句,先行词是 the British Museum关系词在从句中主语,应使
3

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专题11语法填空--2021年新高考英语题型分类研读与训练 (真题+新题)(解析版).doc

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