专题11 现代科技（2）-2021年高考英语阅读理解话题分类训练

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（1）2020-2021 学年度武汉市部分学校高三起点质量检测之 D 篇

Never play games with a bot(robot)—it will find a way to cheat if it can. A team from OpenAI, an artificial

intelligence lab in San Francisco, has developed artificially intelligent bots that taught themselves to cooperate by

playing hide-and-seek. The bots also learned how to use basic tools to help them win.

Bowen Baker at Open AI and his colleagues wanted to see if the team-based dynamics of the OpenAI Five

could be used to produce skills that could one day be useful to humans.

The researchers set their bots loose in a simulated ( 模拟的 ) environment filled with fixed walls, movable

boxes and ladders, and left them to play team games of hide-and-seek. The bots each had their own view of the

world and couldn’t communicate with each other directly.

At first, the hiders simply ran away. But they soon worked out that the quickest way to stop the seekers was to

find objects in the environment to hide themselves from view. The seekers learned that they could move boxes

around and use them to climb over walls. The bots then discovered that being a team-player -passing objects to

each other or cooperating on a hideout -was the quickest way to win.

But the real surprise came when the bots started making use of problems or faults. Seekers found that if they

pushed a ladder towards a wall, they could launch themselves into the air and spot hiders from above. Hiders found

that they could get rid of the ladders by pushing them aside.

It shows that AIs are able to find solutions that humans miss, says Baker. “Maybe they’ll even be able to solve

problems that humans don’t yet know how to.” However, it is a large leap ( 跳跃) from virtual hide and seek to real

problem-solving. “The main limitation is that it is in simulation,” says Chelsea Finn at Stanford University.

12. Why did Bowen and his colleagues conduct the research?

A. To teach bots to play games. B. To train bots to use basic tools.

C. To find if bots may cheat like humans. D. To see the potential of robots cooperation.

13. What’s the third paragraph mainly about?

A. The tools of the research. B. The design of the research.

C. The competitors of the game. D. The environment of the game.

14. What does the underlined word “It” in the last paragraph refer to?

A. Passing objects. B. Moving boxes around.

C. Making use of faults. D. Hiding themselves from view.

15. What does Chelsea think of the finding of the research?

A. It can bridge a gap in the AI research. B. It will not be influenced by the real world.

C. It will definitely help the real problem-solving. D. It may not be realized out of the virtual world.

【答案】12. D 13. B 14. C 15. D

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了来自旧金山人工智能实验室 OpenAI 的一个团队开发出了通过玩捉迷藏

自学合作的人工智能机器人，这些机器人还学会了如何使用基本工具来帮助自己获胜。文章介绍了他们进

行这项研究的原因、他们的研究设计和研究结果表明机器人利用问题或缺陷能够找到人类所忽略的解决方

案。

【12 题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段 Bowen Baker at Open AI and his colleagues wanted to see if the team-based dynamics

of the OpenAI Five could be used to produce skills that could one day be useful to humans.可知 OpenAI 的Bowen

Baker 和他的同事们想看看 OpenAI 5 的团队合作能力能否被用来产生将来对人类有用的技能。由此可知，

Bowen 和他的同事进行这项研究，是为了看机器人合作的潜力。故选 D。

【13 题详解】

主旨大意题。根据第三段 The researchers set their bots loose in a simulated ( 模拟的) environment filled with

fixed walls, movable boxes and ladders, and left them to play team games of hide-and-seek. The bots each had their

own view of the world and couldn’t communicate with each other directly.可知研究人员将他们的机器人置于一

个充满固定墙壁、可移动的盒子和梯子的模拟环境中，让它们玩团队捉迷藏游戏。每个机器人都有自己的

世界观，不能直接与对方交流。由此可知，第三段主要讲了研究设计。故选 B。

【14 题详解】

词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段 But the real surprise came when the bots started making use of problems or faults.

Seekers found that if they pushed a ladder towards a wall, they could launch themselves into the air and spot hiders

from above. Hiders found that they could get rid of the ladders by pushing them aside.可知但真正令人惊讶的是，

当机器人开始利用问题或缺陷。搜索者发现，如果他们把梯子推到墙上，他们就能跳到空中，从上面找到

躲藏者。躲藏者发现他们可以把梯子推到一边来摆脱它们。由此可知，机器人利用问题或故障的行为，表

明人工智能能够找到人类所忽略的解决方案。即 it 指的是“利用缺陷”。故选 C。

【15 题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The main limitation is that it is in simulation,” says Chelsea Finn at Stanford

University.可知斯坦福大学的 Chelsea Finn 表示：“主要的限制在于它处于模拟状态。”由此可推知，

Chelsea 认为这项研究的发现在虚拟世界之外可能无法实现。故选 D。

（2）雅礼中学 2021 届高三月考试卷（一）之 C篇

A fully electric seaplane has made its first flight over the mouth of the Fraser River near Vancouver, Canada.

The flight represents a milestone in the long process of reducing the aviation industry’s emissions and costs by

electrifying short-to-medium distance commercial flying.

Several hundred people crowded the river bank on Tuesday morning to witness what they hoped would be a

historic moment. They were not disappointed. Among cheers, the battery-powered Harbour Air seaplane lifted off

into the sky. The plane flew a short round-trip downriver before landing five minutes later.

“It was magical. It was much quieter than I had expected it to be,” said Nicki Malcom, one witness from

Auburn, Washington. “It’s definitely the future,” said Chip Jamison, who came from Portland to see the electric

plane he produced parts for. “You can see it with automobiles. Planes are next. It’s right in front of us.”

The test pilot was the only person on board the six-passenger DHC-2 de Havilland Beaver. He was the CEO

and founder of Habour Air, Greg McDougall. McDougall’s seaplane airline teamed up with a Redmond,

Washington-based electric motor maker named MagniX to transform the classic de Havilland Beaver plane.

MagniX CEO Roei Ganzarski sees the seaplane’s first flight as a milestone, similar to the first jet takeoff.

“Today you witnessed the first shot of the electric aviation revolution,” Ganzarski told the two companies’

staff, contractors, media and other celebrators. “Let’s start the revolution.” Ganzarski laid out a case for how

battery-powered flight offers lower noise, zero pollution and could reduce fuel and maintenance costs. “Lower

operating costs for airlines like Harbour Air will mean lower ticket prices for all of you,” he said. “Lower operating

costs mean they can now fly to more destinations that we couldn’t fly to before.”

It will be some time before regular folks can book a ticket on a clean, electric seaplane.

28. According to the passage, the Harbour Air seaplane_____________

A. is adapted from the de Havilland Beaver

B. will replace the automobile in the near future

C. can carry more than six passengers

D. has investment from the Vancouver government

29. What is Chip Jamison’s attitude towards electric seaplanes?

A. Critical. B. Objective.

C. Optimistic. D. Ambiguous.

30. What can we learn from Roei Ganzarski’s words?

A. Electric seaplanes only help cut down air pollution and costs.

B. People can fly to more destinations in less time on battery-powered planes.

C. The seaplane’s first flight symbolizes the success of the electric aviation revolution.

D. People may get cheaper tickets by taking electric seaplanes.

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