专题11 现代科技（1）-2021年高考英语阅读理解话题分类训练

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（1）2021 届广东省八区第一学期高三调研考试之 C

As spring arrives, farmers around the world are making decisions about what crops to plant and how to

manage them. In the U. S., farmers typically have big data to help make these decisions. These data have a

clear upside. They make farms more productive. In the U.S., the past five years have seen a series of good

harvests for both com and soybean. A big part is generated by effectively using data to produce more food from

the same amount of land, seed and fertilizer.

In the poorer parts of the world, however, the picture is much different. Many farmers are guided only by

their history with the land and their community's traditions. Their skills and knowledge are impressive, but they

suffer from a poverty of data. They rely on technical advisors for advice from governments and academic

centers who often have very little knowledge of the local area. For seeds and fertilizers and other materials

used in the field, they rely on companies that lack data on how their products will perform in the local

conditions.

About 10 years ago, East African officials and their development partners started to explore why so few

smallholder dairy farmers made profits from growing demand from urban consumers. Surveys of farmers in the

region suggested poor access to veterinary( 禽畜的) care and breeding assistance. An effort to provide these

services has helped farmers get more milk.

Data would matter little if farming was easy and the paths to productivity were obvious. But in reality,

agriculture is a complex mix of many factors, including climate, biology, chemistry, physics, economics and

culture—all of which vary from region to region. In this situation, good data is necessary.

8. How has big data benefited American's farmers?

A. By informing the farmers to plant crops earlier. B. By helping make farms more productive.

C. By increasing the amount of land for farming. D. By producing more seeds and fertilizer.

9. What do farmers in poor countries need to improve their farming?

A. Farming skills. B. Technical guidance.

C. Big data. D. Farming materials

10. Why does the writer mention the case of East Africa?

A. To show that East Africa relies heavily on diary farming.

B. To illustrate cooperation between countries was a great success.

C. To serve as an example of how data helps farmers in poor areas.

D. To prove that city people in East Africa didn't like drinking milk.

11. What can we learn from the passage?

A. Many changeable factors have influence on farming.

B. East African dairy farmers were experienced in raising cows.

C. The American farmers can't decide what they will plant.

D. The technical advisors in poor areas know the local areas well.

【答案】8. B 9. C 10. C 11. A

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。在美国，农民通常有大数据帮助他们做出这些决定。这些数据有明显的优势。它们提高

了美国农业的生产力。但是在世界上较贫穷的地区，农民却缺乏大数据的支持来改善他们的农业。文章以

东非为例，说明了数据可以有效帮助贫困地区的农民。

【8题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一段中 In the U. S., farmers typically have big data to help make these decisions. These data

have a clear upside. They make farms more productive.可知在美国，农民通常有大数据帮助他们做出这些决定。

这些数据有明显的优势。它们提高了农业的生产力。由此可知，大数据是通过帮助提高农业生产力来使美

国农民受益的。故选 B。

【9题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段 In the poorer parts of the world, however, the picture is much different. Many farmers

are guided only by their history with the land and their community's traditions. Their skills and knowledge are

impressive, but they suffer from a poverty of data. They rely on technical advisors for advice from governments

and academic centers who often have very little knowledge of the local area. For seeds and fertilizers and other

materials used in the field, they rely on companies that lack data on how their products will perform in the local

conditions.可知然而，在世界上较贫穷的地区，情况却大不相同。许多农民仅以他们与土地的历史和社区的

传统为指导。他们的技能和知识给人留下深刻印象，但他们却苦于缺乏数据。他们依靠政府和学术中心的

技术顾问提供建议，而这些顾问往往对当地情况了解甚少。对于种子、化肥和其他在田间使用的材料，他

们依赖的是缺乏数据的公司，这些公司不知道他们的产品在当地条件下的表现如何。由此可知，贫穷国家

的农民需要大数据来改善他们的农业。故选 C。

【10 题详解】

推理判断题。根据第三段中 About 10 years ago, East African officials and their development partners started to

explore why so few smallholder dairy farmers made profits from growing demand from urban consumers. Surveys

of farmers in the region suggested poor access to veterinary( 禽畜的) care and breeding assistance. An effort to

provide these services has helped farmers get more milk.可知大约 10 年前，东非官员及其发展伙伴开始探讨为

什么很少有小农户从城市消费者日益增长的需求中获利。对该地区农民的调查表明，他们很难获得兽医护

理和繁殖援助。提供这些服务的努力帮助农民获得了更多的牛奶。由此可推知，作者提到东非的情况，是

为了举例说明数据是如何帮助贫困地区农民的。故选 C。

【11 题详解】

细节理解题。根据最后一段中 But in reality, agriculture is a complex mix of many factors, including climate,

biology, chemistry, physics, economics and culture—all of which vary from region to region. 可知但实际上，农业

是许多因素的复杂组合，包括气候、生物、化学、物理、经济和文化——所有这些因素都因地区而异。由

此可知，许多可变因素对农业有影响。故选 A。

（2）长郡中学 2021 届高三开学摸底考试之 D篇

A tracked robot approaches a pile of brushwood blocking its path. This is Rolan, short for Robot Manipulator

(操控者), who is practising for what is its graduation ceremony, when it will show off its skills. After a pause, it

reaches out an arm, takes hold of a branch, lifts it up and drags it clear.

Though this is a small action for a human being, it is a breakthrough for robots, according to Stuart Young of

the Army Research Laboratory, who is in charge of the RoMan project. As is known, robots easily become confused

by something unexpected, some unfamiliar and none with convenient handles. Taking it apart is far beyond the

power of any industrial robot. Dr. Young says that, as far as he knows, RoMan is the first machine able to

manipulate unfamiliar objects in an unknown environment.

Just as a human being would, it has to learn about the world through observation and experiment before

manipulating it. So it is trained on numerous tree branches until it is able to recognize unfamiliar ones for what they

are and knows to grasp the trunk, rather than the leaves or the branches. Having grasped an object, RoMan assesses

its weight and decides whether to try to lift it or drag it.

Dr. Young hopes to take this further by dealing with piles of burning tyres. He also wants RoMan to be able to

use its body weight in the way a human being might to push open a tight door or to move heavy furniture by

bracing against a wall. One problem with RoMan is that it is still impractically slow. It often takes 10-15 seconds to

decide what to do. RoMan will also need to learn to deal with a wider range of objects.

However, the device's future could be bright. Beyond military applications, its following generations might

work in warehouses, pick fruit, clear litter or tidy people's homes. They might even collect rocks from the surface

of Mars.

12. Why does RoMan take a pause before taking action?

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