专题1 阅读理解 考法01细节理解(原题卷)---备战2022年高考英语精选考点专项突破

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专题 1 阅读理解 考法 01 细节理解
备战 2022 年高考英语精选考点专项突破
细节理解题
细节理解题主要考查考生对阅读材料中某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能力。题干常考查的六
大信息有 5W,即 When, Where, who,What,Why 1H,How。高考对英语篇章中事实细节的考查主
要分为两种情况:
一是直接细节类,其答案几乎可以直接从原文中找出来,考生只要根据题干中的关键词与原文进行对
照,就能找到答案;
二是隐含细节类,这类题虽然不能直接从原文中找到对应的词或短语,但考生可以根据文章的隐含意
义,如原因、前提或结果等仔细推敲,得出正确答案。细节理解题的常见设问方式有:
①、Which of the following best characterizes the main feature of...?
②、Which of the following maps/diagrams gives the right position of... /relationship of...?
③、Which of the following maps shows the right way to...?
④、Which of the drawings below gives an idea of what... is like?
⑤、According to the passage, who/what/which/when/where/why/
⑥、how/how many/how much/how long/how soon/how often...?
常见的干扰项特点
细节理解题一般针对原文中某个细节、某句话或某部分的具体内容设置问题,但干扰项也包含文章中
的某个细节。不过请考生一定要注意,干扰项中的细节不符合解答题目所需要的文章细节,也就是说,两
种细节不匹配。这就要求考生答题时一定要仔细、认真核实,以免造成失误,留下遗憾。
干扰 1 扩缩范围
有时原文中的核心词在题中作为选项时,其原文中的限定词被人为地去掉或替换,使选项貌似正确,
从而对考生造成很大的干扰。
干扰 2 主观臆断
有时考生在作出选择时,不是依据原文息进行正确的理和推断,而是主观想象或凭空推测事实上文中
并未涉及,也不能确定推断的合理性。这种情况在考生中非常普遍,尤其对一些理解能力偏低、词汇掌握
1
不足的学生来说,应特别注意。
干扰 3 张冠李戴
这种情况发生在两方面:一方面是考生身上,即考生错误地把发生在此者身上的事情理解为发生在彼
者身上的事情,从而造成误选;另方面是在题目的设置上,即试题中的某些选项中会故意混淆两者的信息
使考生在思路不清晰的情况下误判。
干扰 4 无中生有
有时考生会感觉试题中的信息说得很有道理,从而作出选择。但细心的学生会发现,这种信息再正确,
也不能从文中找到其对应的词句,也不能推断其合理性。实这种信息只不过是无中生有,所以考生要头脑
清醒,大胆舍弃。
常用的解题方法
方法 1 题干定位法
所谓题干定位法,就是解题之前要先看题目,根据题中所提的信息确定关键词,然后带着问题快速地
浏览原文,运用略( skimming)技巧方法定与 who, what, when, where 等问题有关的细节关键
确定题目考查范围,确理解,作出选择。对于广告出信息、讲座安排等阅读题目,题干定位
帮助考生得到事半功倍果。
[全国Ⅱ 2020·A] Dove Cottage& The Wordsworth Museum
Discover William Wordsworth's inspirational home. Take at our of his Lakeland cottage, walk through his
hillside garden and explore the riches of the collection in the Museum. Visit the shop and relax in the cafe.
Exhibitions, events and family activities throughout the year.
Open: Daily, 09. 30-17.30 (last admission 17.00).
Town: Grasmere
23. Where should visitors go if they want to explore Wordsworth's life?
A. Penrith. B. Kendal. C. Carlisle. D. Grasmere
析】根据题干中的 Wordsworth's life 可定Dove Cottage& The Wordsworth Museum 部分。根
分中的 Town: Grasmere 该博物馆于格拉斯米尔,人可以在这里探索华兹华斯的生。故选 D项。
方法 2 “断章
2
带着问题,有针对性地读原文关词句或信息然后关的表达
what, when, which, where 具 体信 息时 , according to the author/
passage 的限语,答时,一定要以文章所到的内容为依据切忌自己的观经验去选择不符
合文章内容的答案。
[全国Ⅲ 2020·C] Four years ago they all moved into a three-storey Victorian house in Bristol-one of a growing
number of multigenerational families in the UK living together under the same roof. They share a front door and a
washing machine, but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen, bathroom,bedroom and living room on the ground
floor.
28. Who mainly uses the ground floor in the Victorian house in Bristol?
A.Nick. B. Rita. C.Kathryn D. The daughters.
析】根据本段中的 they all moved into a three-- storey Victorian house in Bristol but Rita Whitehead has her
own kitchen, bathroom, bedroom and living room on the ground floor 丽塔居住,因此主要使
的应是丽塔,故选 B项。
方法 3 首尾定位法
解答题时,可先找出一个和后一个事,快速缩选择范围,从而速选出答案。另
也可以先不看个选项,而是先把所的事件排序,然后选项进行对照;相同排序的选项则基本
可定为答案,之后再进行查。
On Thursday night, while Pina was babysitting her granddaughter, nephew and two nieces in her sister's
apartment,she smelled smoke and realized the apartment building was on fire. When her 4-year-old granddaughter
Garcia began saying,"We're going to die", she knew she had to act. Pina, first sealed the door, and then told all four
children to lie on the floor. After calling 911, she told the children to start singing and promised them all treats as
soon as they reached safety.
When Pina saw the fire, which is the right order of what she did according to Paragraph 2?
told children to lie on the floor let children start singing sealed the door called 911
A.③①④② B.④③①② C.③④①② D.①③④②
析】Pina, first sealed the door,, and then told all four children to lie on the floor. After calling
911, she told the children to start singing..皮纳封住接着孩子们躺之后报警
3
专题1 阅读理解 考法01细节理解(原题卷)---备战2022年高考英语精选考点专项突破.doc

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