专题1 词义猜测题-备战2022年高考英语阅读理解微技能培养与训练

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专题 1 词义猜测题

【方法指导】

1.根据前后语法关系

根据所在段落、前后句的定语从句限定修饰关系，同位语从句的解释说明关系，代词指代，破折号等

语法关系来判断词义。

2.注意表逻辑关系的词

注意前后句子的转折、因果等关键信息词，如 however, therefore, thus 等。也可利用同义关系，如

namely, similarly 等。

3.利用上下文语境

根据段落语篇意思，特别是前后两句话语境往往也可猜出词义。

4.利用构词法猜词义

如un，in，dis 表否定，re 表“再次”，co 表示“合作”等构词法知识。

5.利用背景常识

利用日常生活和与文化背景有关的常识可以准确猜测句中生词的含义。

6. 掌握常见的熟词生义，熟词在新的具体语境中有了和原来考生所熟悉的意义不同的意思。如：fire vt. 解

雇，fine vt. 罚款，fall n. 秋天，stand vt. 忍受。

【典例 1】

（2021 年新高考 I 卷）

When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an

astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely.

Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of

these resources. Millions of waterfowl (水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly

ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations,

greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.

29. What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?

A. Acquire. B. Export. C. Destroy. D. Distribute.

【分析】根据文章第一段第一、二句 When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the

skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these

precious natural resources wisely.可知，在探险家们来到北美洲前，这里环境很好，而来了之后不久水禽便

大量减少，生态环境遭到破坏，所以此处指的是探险家们仅花了几十年便摧毁了北美洲的一大部分资源。

C项意为“摧毁”，符合题意。故正确答案为 C。

【典例 2】

（2021 年全国卷 2）

Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter （29%） rely only

on their smartphones according to a survey （调查）. Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third

concede that it’s not really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it

while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies. I think my home falls into that category.

25. What does the underlined word “concede” in paragraph 3 mean?

A. Admit. B. Argue. C. Remember. D. Remark.

【分析】词句猜测题。根据划线单词的上文“Of those Australians who still have a landline (在那些仍然有固

定电话的澳大利亚人中)”可知，这个调查的目标人群是仍然有固定电话的澳大利亚人；根据下文“it's not

really necessary and they're keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13

percent keep it in case of emergencies (固定电话并不是必须的，他们将其作为一种安全保障—— 19%的人表

示他们从未使用过固定电话，另有 13%的人保留固定电话以防紧急情况)”可知，很多人认为固定电话并不

是必须拥有的，有些人保留固定电话只是为了防止紧急情况。从而推知，在调查中，他们应该是承认了固

定电话的非必要性。由此推知，划线单词“concede”意为“承认”。故选 A项。

【典例 3】

（2020 年全国卷 1）

While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifs, which might add to the meaning I

attach to them. But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an author’s work is

the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best books are the ones that open further as time passes. But

remember, it’s you that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends.

26. What does the underlined word “currency” in paragraph 4 refer to?

A. Debt B. Reward. C. Allowance. D. Face value.

【分析】根据该段中的“while money is indeed wonderful and necessary( 虽然金钱确实是美妙且必要)”可知，

前后分句之间为转折关系，根据上下文的语境可推知，“rereading an author’s work is the highest currency a

reader can pay them”意为“重新阅读作者的作品是读者能支付给作者的最高回报”，由此判断出画线词的

意思是“回报”。故选 B项。

【典例 4】

（2020 全国卷 2）

The fur trade kept nutria check for decades, but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s, the cat-

sized animals multiplied like crazy.

30. What does the underlined word “collapsed” in paragraph 5 probably mean?

A. Boomed. B. Became mature. C. Remained stable. D. Crashed.

【分析】根据画线词前的 The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades.可知，几十年来海狸鼠的数量都因毛

皮交易而得到良好控制;再结合画线词后的 multiplied like crazy 可知，后来海狸鼠又泛滥成灾，并可推断出

造成这一现象的原因是毛皮交易市场生意惨淡，人们对海狸鼠毛皮的需求下降。由此可猜测， collapse 的

意思是“垮掉”，与 crash 意义相近。故选 D。

【典例 5】

（2020 全国卷 2）

As I grew older and became a mother, the library took on a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had

several children and books were our main source(来源) of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up and go

to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.

33. What does the underlined phrase “an added meaning” in paragraph 3 refer to?

A. Pleasure from working in the library.

B. Joy of reading passed on in the family.

C. Wonderment from acting out the stories.

D. A closer bond developed with the readers.

【分析】根据上文 As I grew older and became a mother 可知，我长大了成了一位母亲 ,结合下文

I had several children and books were our main source of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up andgo t

o the local library , where my kids could pick out books toread Orbooks they wantedme to read to them( 我有几个

孩子，书是我们娱乐的主要来源。对于我们来说，坐上车去当地的图书馆是件大事,在那里我的孩子们可以

挑选要阅读的书或者想让我给他们读的书)可推断，作者成了母亲以后，带着孩子去图书馆，孩子挑选书籍

来阅读，或者作者读给他们听，因此可知图书馆在作者的生活中又增添了新的意义，阅读的乐趣在家庭中

代代相传。故选 B。

【典例 6】

（2020 全国卷 3）

Yet “Apes” is more exception than the rule. In fact, Hollywood has been hot on live animals lately. One nonprofit

organization, which monitors the treatment of animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs on more than 2,000

productions this year. Already, a number of films, including “Water for Elephants," "The Hangover Part I” and

"Zookeeper," have drawn the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them haven't been treated properly.

26. What does the underlined phrase “keeping tabs on" in paragraph 3 probably mean?

A. Listing completely. B. Directing professionally.

C. Promoting successfully D. Watching carefully.

【分析】根据画线词所在句可知，这个非营利组织的工作就是监督在电影拍摄中动物是被如何对待的，再

结合画线词后面的内容可知，这个非营利组织正在密切关注今年2 000 多部电影的制作，发现多部影片中

的动物没有得到很好的对待。故 keeping tabs on 的意思是“密切关注”，故选 D项。

Exercise 1

（2019 年全国卷 1）

But he’s nervous. “I’m here to tell you today why you should … should…”Chris trips on the “-ld,”a pronunciation

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