假期提分组合高效练06(解析版）-备战高考英语假期提分组合高效练（完形填空+阅读理解+语法填空）

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备战 2021 年高考英语假期提分组合高效练 06

（完形填空+阅读理解+语法填空）

一、完形填空

Making choices is hard. That would be why researcher Moran Cerf has 1 it from his life. As a rule, he

always chooses the second menu item at a restaurant.

This is 2 by his research in neuroeconomics(神经经济学)(a somewhat new. divisive field) at Northwestern

University. As Business Insider describes, Cerf has extended his ideas—which draw on some controversial ideas in

psychology, including ego depletion out-into a piece of advice that, to 3 happiness, people should "build a life

that requires 4 decisions by surrounding themselves with people who possess traits they prefer.

On an instinctive level, Cerf's idea 5 : Many choices people make are the product of social pressures and the

inputs of 6 people around them. One example Cerf furnishes is that. 7 consistently ordering the second

menu item, he never picks where to eat. Rather, he 8 his decision to his dining partner—which friend he plans

to eat with, probably one he trusts—and always lets them pick.

While it’s 9 what, if any scientific principles underlie those pieces of advice, there is no shortage of

research showing that choices can sometimes feel more 10 than liberating. An example from Quanta poits ( 假

设)：If you have a clear love of Snickers( 士力架),choosing that over an Almond Joy( 杏仁巧克力)or a Milky

Way(牛奶巧克力)should be a 11 . And, as an experiment conducted by neuroscientist Paul Glimcher at NYU

shows most of the time it is, 12 you introduce more choices.

When the participants were offered three candy bars (Snickers, Milky Way, and Almond Joy) they had no

problem picking their favorite, but when they were given the option of one among 20 including Snickers, they

would sometimes drift away from their 13 . When the choices were taken away in later trials, the participants

would wonder what caused them to make such a bad decision.

As Quanta details, according to a model called “divisive normalization”(分裂归一化), which has gained some

popularity, the way the brain encodes choices has a lot to do with how it values all its options. So if you have two

things that are clearly 14 brain areas involved in decision-making fire in a pattern that makes the decision clear.

When the choices are comparable, the brain docs its best to focus on the distinctions between the two, but more

choices 15 that ability out.

1. A. relieved B. released C. eliminated D. liberated

2. A. influenced B. inherited C. implemented D. informed

3. A. maximize B. balance C. cherish D. seek

4. A. safer B. fewer C. better D. sounder

5. A. stands out B. comes into force C. makes sense D. plays a part

6. A. distinguished B. trusted C. authorized D. honored

7. A. in addition to B. instead of C. in spite of D. regardless of

8. A. conveys B. relates C. submits D. limits

9. A. evident B. unclear C. critical D. inevitable

10. A. confusing B. inspiring C. worrying D. appealing

11. A. stressor B. no-brainer C. challenge D. headache

12. A. after B. before C. when D. until

13. A. preference B. struggle C. status D. direction

14. A. impressive B. insignificant C. unique D. distinct

15. A. crowd B. figure C. sort D. put

【答案】1. C2. D3. A4. B5. C6. B7. A8. D9. B10. A11. B12. D13. A14. D15. A

【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在做决定时心理学理论和大脑的工作过程。选项越少时，人们更容

易选择自己喜欢的事物，但当选项变多时，人们往往会偏离自己喜欢的东西。

1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：做决定是非常困难的，这就是为什么研究者 Moran Cerf 把把做决定这一活动

从他生命中消除的原因。A. relieved 解除；B. released 释放；C. eliminated 消除；D. liberated 解放。分析文

章内容可知，后文提到“As a rule, he always chooses the second menu item at a restaurant.”通常来讲，Moran

Cerf 在餐厅时总是选择菜单第二个选项。由此判断，Moran Cerf 已经放弃了选择这个活动，在他的生活中

已经不需要选择了。故选 C。

2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是他在西北大学神经经济学，这一较新的研究领域中得出的。A.

influenced 影响；B. inherited 继承；C. implemented 实施；D. informed 通知；了解。分析文章内容可知

Moran Cerf 是西北大学的研究员，因此才能根据他的研究得出“Making choices is hard. ”做决定很困难这一

结论。故选 D。

3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Cerf 扩充了他的想法——这些想法借鉴了心理学中一些有争议的想法，包括

自我枯竭，他提出了一条建议，即为了使幸福最大化，人们应该多和自己有着相同喜好的人接触以做出更

少的决定。A. maximize 最大化；B. balance 平衡；C. cherish 珍惜；D. seek 寻求。分析文章内容可知，Cerf

认为做决定是一件很困难的事，而且在他的日常生活中他也尽量避免做决定，从神经经济学的角度来讲，

这会让他生活的幸福感提升。故选 A。

4. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Cerf 扩充了他的想法——这些想法借鉴了心理学中一些有争议的想法，包

括自我枯竭，他提出了一条建议，即为了使幸福最大化，人们应该多和自己有着相同喜好的人接触以做出

更少的决定。A. safe 安全的；B. fewer 更少的； C. better 更好的；D. sounder 更合理的。后文提到“by

surrounding themselves with people who possess traits they prefer.”可以多和与自己有着相同喜好的人接触，喜

好相同意味着没有较多的分歧，这样也不需要再做其他额外的决定。故选 B。

5. 考查动词词组辨析。句意：在本能层面上来讲，Cerf 的想法是有道理的：人们所做的许多决定都是来自

于社会的压力和周围可信赖人的输入。A. stands out 突出；B. comes into force 生效；C. makes sense 有意义；

D. plays a part 发挥作用。前文提到“On an instinctive level”Cerf 在神经经济学领域得出的结论，在人类本

能层面上也能说的通。故选 C。

6. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在本能层面上来讲，Cerf 的想法是有道理的：人们所做的许多决定都是来

自于社会的压力和周围可信赖人的输入。A. distinguished 尊敬的；B. trusted 信任的；C. authorized 授权的；

D. honored 荣幸的。后文提到“which friend he plans to eat with, probably one he trusts—and always lets them

pick.”在和朋友们吃饭的时候，Cerf 也会让他信任的朋友们点餐，由此判断有时候做决定的时候是自己信任

的人。故选 B。

7. 考查介词词组。句意：除了不断点菜单里的第二项之外，他从来不选择去哪里吃饭。A. in addition to 除

此之外；B. instead of 而不是；C. in spite of 尽管；D. regardless of 不管。后文提到 Cerf 在吃饭地点这件事上

从来不做选择，说明他除了点菜单上的第二个菜之外不做任何其他的事情。故选 A。

8. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：相反的是，他会把仅有的决定用在决定他的用餐伙伴上——他会决定和哪个

朋友一起吃饭，有可能是他信任的朋友——并且总是让他们挑选吃什么。 A. conveys 传达；B. relates 相关；

C. submits 提交；D. limits 限制。分析文章内容可知，Cerf 是一个不怎么做决定的人，他会做决定的事只有

吃菜单上的第二项和决定自己和谁一起吃饭，由此判断 Cerf 只会在某些事情上做决定，即限制自己做决定

的情况。故选 D。

9. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然目前还不清楚，有什么科学原则作为这些建议的基础。但不乏研究表

明，选择有时候会比自由更让人困惑。A. evident 显而易见的；B. unclear 不确定的；C. critical 关键性的；

D. inevitable 不可避免的。第二段第三行提到“Cerf has extended his ideas—which draw on some controversial

ideas in psychology”，Cerf 的研究结果是借鉴了一些具有争议的观点，而不是具有权威性的理论，因此 Cerf

这一结果的理论基础是不确定的。故选 B。

10. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然目前还不清楚，有什么科学原则作为这些建议的基础。但不乏研究

表明，选择有时候会比自由更让人困惑。A. confusing 令人困惑的；B. inspiring 鼓舞人心的；C. worrying 担

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假期提分组合高效练06(解析版）-备战高考英语假期提分组合高效练（完形填空+阅读理解+语法填空）.doc

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