《中考英语知识及解题技巧(外研版)》专题16 语法填空（原卷版）

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语法填空

针对适当的形式填空题,大家可以采用以下方法:

(一)词性吻合的情况下,结合实际语境、语法规则来确定所填单词的具体形式,得出最终答案。

1.名词

首先要判断一个名词是可数还是不可数。有些名词一词多义,可数与不可数根据词义而定,可数名词要

注意复数的变化规则;有些词单数与复数相同,还要特别注意一些特殊的复数名词的所有格的构成。

2.合成名词

名词+名词:basketball 篮球,bedroom 卧室

形容词+名词:blackboard 黑板,highway 公路

动词+名词:playground 操场

动名词+名词:dining room 餐厅

副词+名词:overcoat 长大衣

动词+副词:break-in 闯入,get-together 聚会

3.派生的名词

(1)前缀 non-　无,没有(表否定):non-smoker 不吸烟的人

(2)后缀

①-er,-or　人,动作者(加在动词后构成名词)

teach 教—teacher 教师

visit 访问—visitor 参观者

invent 发明—inventor 发明者

②-ese,-(ia)n　人,语言(加在国名后构成形容词或名词)

China 中国—Chinese 中国的,中国人的,中国人,汉语

Japan 日本—Japanese 日本的,日本人的,日本人,日语

America 美国—American 美国的,美国人的,美国人

Australia 澳大利亚—Australian 澳大利亚的,澳大利亚人的,澳大利亚人

music 音乐—musician 音乐家

4.代词

代词可分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词和不定代词等。人称代词可分为主格和宾格。

物主代词可分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。对于不定代词要注意几点 :作主语时,谓语均为单数;

形容词作定语时,形容词要后置;另外,还要注意以下不定代词的用法;

some,any,all,both,none,neither,either,other,another,many,much,(a)few,(a)little,one 等。

5.动词

如果需要填入动词,则要考虑动词的时态和语态、不定式和动名词等形式。一定要记住哪些动词后跟不

定式,哪些跟动名词。

6.形容词和副词

要确定单词在句中的作用。形容词一般作定语修饰名词或作表语位于系动词之后 ,而副词一般在句子中

作状语,修饰动词、形容词和副词。两类词都有比较级和最高级。

7.数词

数词分为基数词和序数词。当百、千、百万等数字前有具体数字时,hundred,thousand,million 等不用复

数,如five thousand;无具体数字时,用复数,后面再加 of,如thousands of。另外,英语中分数的表达法也很重要。

(二)若词性不吻合,则要将其转换为正确的形式。如动词转化为分词形式,作形容词。形容词可以转化为副词。

(三)对于不提供参考词汇的题目,有可能是填冠词、介词、代词、疑问代词、疑问副词和复合句中的引导词。

真题训练

一

阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

The eco-house

Simon Dale didn’t want to live in a city’s apartment building. So he made up his mind 　 1 　 (build) his own

home in the countryside. He moved to Wales with his family and built a wooden eco-house. With the help of his

father-in-law,a builder, he moved into a 　 2 　 (comfort) new home after only four months. 　 3 　 only cost $4,700

to build the house.

The eco-house is made of natural 　 4 　 (material). Simon Dale and his father-in-law 　 5 　 (dig)into the side

of a hill and then used the mud and stone to make the walls. The floors 　 6 　 (make) from wood from the nearby

area. The design is open-plan. There is no central heating, 　 7 　 there’s a wood-burner and solar panels(太阳能电

池板 )on the top 　 8 　 can provide power for lighting, music and computing. Drinking water is from a nearby

spring. The fridge stays cool, thanks 　 9 　 air from under the ground. Simon Dale says, “We try to live in peace

with the natural world.”He has 　 10 　 (certain)done his best to achieve that.

二

　　阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的词,或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。

Do you play Ant Forest?It is 　 1 　 online game on Alipay(支付宝). Players 　 2 　 (collect) “energy” by doing

something environmentally friendly. They can grow and water 　 3 　 (they) own “trees” with the “energy”. 　 4

the “trees” are big enough, Alipay with some other companies will plant real trees in the desert( 沙漠 ) area of

China. Every year millions of trees 　 5 　 (plant) in this way.

This is part of China’s tree-planting program. It hopes 　 6 　 (stop) the desert from becoming larger. Since

1978, China has planted over 66 billion trees 　 7 　 the north. It is known as “the Great Green Wall”. For example,

Saihanba in Hebei Province was once a desert, 　 8 　 now it has become the biggest man-made forest in China.

“China is making the world much 　 9 　 (green) than before. It sets a good example and has many 　 10

(lesson) to share with the world,” said the United Nations Environment Program.

三

　　阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

Next time you hold a book in your hands, stop and think. Like most other things in the modern world, it is the

result of thousands of years of human invention.

First came the invention of writing, 　 1 　 (probable)about 5,500 years ago. With writing, people did not have

to remember everything in their heads. They could communicate with people that they never 　 2 　 (see) and share

their knowledge with future generations.

Later, the Greeks were well-known for their literature( 文学 )and science, but their “books” looked very

different 　 3 　 the books of today. They were called scrolls( 卷轴). They were difficult to use and took a lot of

space in a library. About 2,000 years ago, books with lots of pages 　 4 　 (invent).

For more than a thousand years, the pages of books were made from animal skin. That changed in 　 5

thirteenth century, when Europeans learned about a very 　 6 　 (use)Chinese invention:paper.

But the biggest change for books in Europe came in 1439, when Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing

press. Before that, books in Europe were copied by hand, so they were very expensive. Many more people could

afford the books 　 7 　 were produced on a printing press.

These days it is difficult 　 8 　 (imagine)a world without books. But human invention does not stop. Every

year, more 　 9 　 (story) are bought as e-books and read on a screen.

Will anyone turn the pages of a traditional book in the future, 　 10 　 will books, like scrolls, soon disappear?

四

阅读下面的短文,在空白处填入一个适当的词,或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。

At the end of the term, our ethics(伦理学)professor gave us a test. He had told us 　 1 　 (expect) one and had

warned us it would be included in the final grade.

The test began. Sure enough, I was 　 2 　 confident that I finished all the questions after forty 　 3

(minute)except the very last one:What is the name of the woman who cleans the lecture hall?

I thought it was 　 4 　 joke. I’d seen the woman many times. She’d been working in the building for at least a

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