《中考英语知识及解题技巧(外研版)》专题16 语法填空(解析版)

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语法填空
针对适当的形式填空题,大家可以采用以下方法:
()词性吻合的情况下,结合实际语境、语法规则来确定所填单词的具体形式,得出最终答案。
1.名词
首先要判断一个名词是可数还是不可数。有些名词一词多义,可数与不可数根据词义而定,可数名词要
注意复数的变化规则;有些词单数与复数相同,还要特别注意一些特殊的复数名词的所有格的构成。
2.合成名词
名词+名词:basketball 篮球,bedroom 卧室
形容词+名词:blackboard 黑板,highway 公路
动词+名词:playground 操场
动名词+名词:dining room 餐厅
副词+名词:overcoat 长大衣
动词+副词:break-in 闯入,get-together 聚会
3.派生的名词
(1)前缀 non- 无,没有(表否定):non-smoker 不吸烟的人
(2)后缀
-er,-or 人,动作者(加在动词后构成名词)
teach 教—teacher 教师
visit 访问—visitor 参观者
invent 发明—inventor 发明者
-ese,-(ia)n 人,语言(加在国名后构成形容词或名词)
China 中国—Chinese 中国的,中国人的,中国人,汉语
Japan 日本—Japanese 日本的,日本人的,日本人,日语
America 美国—American 美国的,美国人的,美国人
Australia 澳大利亚—Australian 澳大利亚的,澳大利亚人的,澳大利亚人
music 音乐—musician 音乐家
4.代词
代词可分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词和不定代词等。人称代词可分为主格和宾格。
物主代词可分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。对于不定代词要注意几点 :作主语时,谓语均为单数;
形容词作定语时,形容词要后置;另外,还要注意以下不定代词的用法;
some,any,all,both,none,neither,either,other,another,many,much,(a)few,(a)little,one 等。
1
5.动词
如果需要填入动词,则要考虑动词的时态和语态、不定式和动名词等形式。一定要记住哪些动词后跟不
定式,哪些跟动名词。
6.形容词和副词
要确定单词在句中的作用。形容词一般作定语修饰名词或作表语位于系动词之后 ,而副词一般在句子中
作状语,修饰动词、形容词和副词。两类词都有比较级和最高级。
7.数词
数词分为基数词和序数词。当百、千、百万等数字前有具体数字时,hundred,thousand,million 等不用复
,five thousand;无具体数字时,用复数,后面再加 of,thousands of。另外,英语中分数的表达法也很重要。
()若词性不吻合,则要将其转换为正确的形式。如动词转化为分词形式,作形容词。形容词可以转化为副词。
()对于不提供参考词汇的题目,有可能是填冠词、介词、代词、疑问代词、疑问副词和复合句中的引导词。
真题训练
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
The eco-house
Simon Dale didn’t want to live in a city’s apartment building. So he made up his mind   1   (build) his own
home in the countryside. He moved to Wales with his family and built a wooden eco-house. With the help of his
father-in-law,a builder, he moved into a   2   (comfort) new home after only four months.   3   only cost $4,700
to build the house.
The eco-house is made of natural   4   (material). Simon Dale and his father-in-law   5   (dig)into the side
of a hill and then used the mud and stone to make the walls. The floors   6   (make) from wood from the nearby
area. The design is open-plan. There is no central heating,   7   there’s a wood-burner and solar panels(太阳能电
)on the top   8   can provide power for lighting, music and computing. Drinking water is from a nearby
spring. The fridge stays cool, thanks   9   air from under the ground. Simon Dale says, “We try to live in peace
with the natural world.”He has   10   (certain)done his best to achieve that.
1. 【答案】to build 
【解析】:Simon Dale 不想在城市的公寓里。因此他下定决心在一所自己子。make
up one’s mind to do sth.下决心做某事,本空填 to build
2. 【答案】comfortable 
【解析】句意:在他,一位建筑工帮助,仅仅四,搬进了舒适的家。此空为形容词修饰
名词,故应把comfort 变为形容词 comfortable
2
3. 【答案】It 
【解析】句意:只花了 4,700 元就建了这子。It cost/costs...to do...定句,本空填 It
4. 【答案】materials 
【解析】句意:环保房是用天然的材料成的。空处是可数名词,用其复数形式,materials
5. 【答案】dug 
【解析】此处记叙造房子的过程,使用一般过去,本空填 dug
6. 【答案】are made 
【解析】句:板是用附近区域木头做的。make 与主语是,动语态,再结合后句时态可
本空用一般在时态,本空填 are made
7. 【答案】but 
【解析】没有中,是有一个烧木柴子。空处前后是转折关,本空填 but
8. 【答案】which/that 
【解析】句意:没有中,是有一个烧木柴,顶部还有一个可以为明、音乐和计算提供电
的太阳能电池板。句意可此处引导定语,词为 solar panels,本空填系代词 which/that
9. 【答案】to 
【解析】thanks to 意为亏了,归功此可本空填 to
10. 【答案】certainly 
【解析】句意:无疑已经尽他最大的力去一点空处修饰动词 ,此本certain 的副
形式,本空填 certainly
  阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的词,或填入括号中所单词的正确形式。
Do you play Ant Forest?It is   1   online game on Alipay(付宝). Players   2   (collect) “energy” by doing
something environmentally friendly. They can grow and water   3   (they) own “trees” with the “energy”.   4
the “trees” are big enough, Alipay with some other companies will plant real trees in the desert( 沙 漠 ) area of
China. Every year millions of trees   5   (plant) in this way.
This is part of China’s tree-planting program. It hopes   6   (stop) the desert from becoming larger. Since
1978, China has planted over 66 billion trees   7   the north. It is known as “the Great Green Wall”. For example,
Saihanba in Hebei Province was once a desert,   8   now it has become the biggest man-made forest in China.
“China is making the world much   9   (green) than before. It sets a good example and has many   10
(lesson) to share with the world,” said the United Nations Environment Program.
1. 【答案】an 
3

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