上海市实验学校2021-2022学年高三3月月考英语试题

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上海实验高中 2021-2022 学年高三下英语三月考

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Recent literature has put the spotlight on how technology and social media are shaping the next generation,

and the consensus(共识)seems to be that it’s a sharp double-edged sword. New research published in Computers in

Human Behavior is no exception.The study,led by faculty at Wellesley Centers for Women, found that ____1____

(join)social media specifically, Snapchat and Instagram before age 11 was significantly linked to more “problematic

digital behaviors” ____2____ (compare) to those who joined the platforms when they were older.

The team surveyed over 750 middle schoolers in the Northeast United States, and found that those who joined

these platforms at or below age 10 had more internet buddies that parents would disapprove of, and visited more

social websites that ____3____ (frown) upon.They also showed more “unsympathetic online behaviors” and were

more likely to become victims of online bullying or harassment. Altogether, it was a jumble of (一堆)problematic

digital moods. Of course,that might not be news to social media giant Facebook. Some recent leaks in the Wall

Street Journal revealed how the platform was aware for some time ____4____ it was “toxic” for teen girls, and also

detailed its ambitions to lure teens and pre-teens with targeted kid-specific products. ____5____ almost all social

media, including Twitter and TikTok, Facebook’s rules require users to be at least 13 years old to join. However,

people ____6____ sign up self-report their own dates of birth, so it's hardly an effective firewall, and by

commonsense, it's nearly a given that packs of children are roaming(漫游)the social media universe. In fact, “one-

third of our sample had already started using social media at age 11 or 12 and another one-third had begun at age 10

or younger,” study author Linda Charmaraman said in a statement. ____7____ that doesn't mean it’s a lost cause.

The study's findings also suggest parents can combat the harmful impacts by limiting how often their kids check

social media, or restricting phone usage. Participants who reported such parental controls showed ____8____

(lessen) negative effects.

And it's not all bad: According to the research, those who joined social media before age 11also showed

____9____ (great) civic engagement within the online community--such as posting supportive content or fostering

events and activism for social issues. Also,regardless of when they joined social media, early adolescents displayed

more positive digital behaviors overall than negative ones.

As the first children raised in the social-media era grow into their 20s and 30s,the effects of the internet

revolution will likely become more profound, and we can expect that the need _____10_____ (understand) how

tech shapes kids in their most impressionable years will only become more urgent.

Section B

Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note

that there is one word more than you need.

A.diversifying B.depressed C.shifted D.breaking E.hammer F.controversial G.initially

H.converting I.wholly J.dump K.circulations

Soaring newsprint costs make life even harder

The cost of paper around the world is rising to record highs, pushing up expenses for newspapers from

Mumbai to Sydney. When times were good, before ads ____11____ online, newspapers had a supportive

partnership with paper mills. As ads departed and ____12____ fell, they are now at the shouting stage.

Paper mills had the worst of it for years as newspapers went ____13____ digital or shut for good. The papers

were able to ____14____ down the cost of newsprint from firms fighting for business as demand declined. Many

hesitated to shut massive machines costing hundreds of millions of dollars.

That hesitance has disappeared; mills are taking out newsprint capacity and ____15____. Norske Skog, a

Norwegian paper firm, said in June it would close its 66-year-old Tasman Mill in New Zealand, for example. Many

mills are ____16____ machines to make packaging for e-commerce.UPM, a Finnish firm, announced this year the

sale of its Shotton newsprint mill in Wales to a Turkish maker of container board and packaging. For JCS Volga, a

Russian mill, newsprint used to account for 70% of production; now half of what it makes is packaging. The

pandemic, with people working from home, meant even fewer newspaper purchases, which ____17____ demand

for newsprint again and increased the pain for paper suppliers. In the past 24 months European mills have

responded by shutting almost a fifth of their newsprint capacity, says a buyer for a large British newspaper group.

Then economies reopened. Newsprint demand shot up. That, combined with much reduced capacity and

coupled with soaring energy prices, has resulted in a price shock. Particularly ____18____ are energy surcharges

that some paper suppliers are seeking to pass on.

Newspaper firms reckon this amounts to ____19____contracts. European newspapers will have to pay

newsprint prices that are 50-70% higher in the first quarter of 2022 compared with the year before.

Germany’s print and media industry association has warned that mills are going to force newspapers to

____20____ paper editions, hurting each other in the process. “It’s about the famous branch that both of them are

sitting on,” it said recently. But mills can sell packaging instead. “We’re not going to save the publishing industry

by being unprofitable ourselves,”says a mill executive in North America.

III.Reading Comprehension

Section A

Directions:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked

A,B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

Picture yourself driving down a city street. Suddenly you see something in the middle of the road ahead. A

torn paper bag, a lost shoe, or something else? You'll quickly determine the actions that best fit the ___21___-what

humans call having“common sense”.

However

___22___ “obstacles” that no human would ever stop for, AI self-driving vehicles are likely to

apply the brakes unexpectedly.The challenges for self-driving vehicles won’t be solved by giving them more

training data or rules for what to do in unusual situations. To be trustworthy, these vehicles need common sense to

solve the object-in-the-road problem: broad ___23___ about the properties of objects and an ability to ___24___

adapt that knowledge in new circumstances. You can predict, ___25___, that while a pile of glass on the road won’t

flyaway as you approach, birds likely will. From this ___26___ the term “common sense” seems to ___27___

exactly what current AI systems cannot do.Their lack of a ___28___ of commonsense makes them susceptible to

unpredictable errors, which humans will never make.

Today’s AI systems use neural networks, algorithms(算法) trained to spot patterns, based on data gathered

from extensive collections of human-labeled examples.This ___29___ is very different from how humans learn. We

humans seem to come into the world with inborn knowledge of certain basic concepts--including the ideas of

objects and events and the nature of space. We aren’t even ____30____ that we have it, or that it forms the basis for

all future learning. A big lesson from decades of AI research is how hard it is to teach such ____31____ to

machines.

The history of planting common sense in AI systems has largely focused on cataloging human knowledge:

manually programming and ____32____ stereotyped(模式化的)situations. But all such attempts face a possibly

fatal ____33____. Much of our instinctive knowledge is unwritten,unspoken,and not even in our conscious

awareness.

A US AI research agency recently launched a programme. It challenges researchers to create an AI system that

learns from “experience” in order to acquire the cognitive abilities of an 18-month-old baby. It might seem strange

that ____34____ a baby is considered a grand challenge for AI, but this reflects the gulf between AI's success in

specific fields and more general intelligence. If we can figure out how to get our machines to learn like children,

perhaps after some years, these young “commonsense agents” will finally become teenagers--ones who are

sufficiently sensible to be ____35____ with the car keys.

21. A. situation B. environment C. context D. regulation

22. A. inspecting B. locating C. tracking D. spotting

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