上海市建平中学2021-2022学年高三下学期3月考试英语试题（原卷版）

3.0 envi 2024-11-25 4 4 1.04MB 12 页 3知币

侵权投诉

英语

II. Grammar and Vocabulary

Section A

Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically

correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other

blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Tall

young and active

November 14, 1963 was a cold morning. This was nothing out of the ordinary for the fisherman. They were

used to the winter weather around Iceland. Suddenly, however, they saw something unusual. Thick, black smoke

was pouring out of the sea. ____1____ (think) a boat was on fire, they raced toward it. Yet as they got closer, they

realized it was ____2____ quite different. Magma (岩浆) was rubbing away from the ocean floor. The fishermen

watched as a new island rose from the sea. This island, later ____3____ (name) Surtsey, joined the thousands of

volcanic islands worldwide.

The island of Hawaii is one of the most well-known volcanic islands. Lava (熔岩) from multiple volcanoes

built this island. One of these volcanoes is Mauna Kea. Mauna Kea began under the ocean over 1 million years ago.

Magma broke through the Earth’s crust- that is, the outer layer of the earth. ____4____ the magma cooled, it

formed an underwater mountain. About 100,000 years ago, the mountain rose ____5____ sea level. Eruption (喷发)

then became more frequent and more violent. Layers of lava hardened into rock. Now, Mauna Kea ____6____

(measure) 9,966 meters from ocean floor to mountain peak, making it the world’s highest mountain.

Fortunately for Hawaiians, Mauna Kea volcano is quiet - for the time being. ____7____ volcano on the same

island is anything but quiet. Kilauea is smaller than Mauna Kea. However, it has erupted nonstop since 1983 and is

the world’s most active volcano, ____8____ produces between 300,000 and 600,000 m2 of lava every day. Over the

past two decades. It ____9____ (add) more than 540 acres to the island. In spite of the danger, it is a popular tourist

attraction. Yet, ____10____ this popular tourist attraction contributes to the Hawaiian economy financially also

comes at a cost. Kilauea is responsible for taking both lives and homes.

Section B

Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that

there is one word more than you need.

A. conquered B. crossing C. embarrass D. fooling E. hugely F. independent

G. licensed H. set I. subconsciously J. tripping K. typical

What makes a problem “hard”?

There is a saying in the filed of artificial intelligence: “Hard things are easy; easy things are hard.” Activities

that most people find very hard

such as playing chess or doing highest mathematics, have given way fairly

readily to computation, yet many tasks that humans find easy or even trivial resist being ____11____ by machines.

Twenty-five years ago Garry Kasparov became the first chess grand master to lose to computer. Today

computer programs can beat the world’s best players at poker and Go, what music and even pass the famous Turing

test ____12____ people into thinking they are talking another human. Yet computers still struggle to do things most

of us human beings find easy, what can ____13____ even the most advanced machines, such as learning to speak

our native tongue or predicting from body language whether a pedestrian is about to cross the street - something

that human drivers do ____14____.

AI researchers will tell you that chess turned out to be comparatively easy because it follows ____15____

rules that create a finite number of possible plays. Predicting the intentions of a pedestrian, however, is a more

complex and fluid task that is had to reduce to rules. No doubt that is true, but I think there is a bigger lesson in the

AI experience that applies to more urgent problems. Let’s call it the vaccine-vaccination paradox.

Anyone familiar with biology is ____16____ impressed by the scientific work that in under a year yielded

astonishingly effective vaccines to fight COVID-19. Yet even several months after the vaccines were ____17____

for use, it is extremely hard to get all the countries fully vaccinated, especially in some part of the western world.

The hard task of creating a vaccine proved relatively easy; the easy task of vaccination has proved very hard.

Maybe it is time to rethink our categories. We call the physical sciences “hard” because they deal with issues

that are mostly ____18____ of the changes of human nature; they often laws that (at least in the right

circumstances) yield exact answers. But physics and chemistry will never tell us how to design an effective

vaccination program or solve the problem of the ____19____ pedestrian

in part because they do not help us

comprehend human behavior. The social sciences rarely yield exact answers. But that does not make them easy.

When it comes to solving real-life problems, it is the supposedly straightforward ones that seem to be

_____20_____ us. The vaccine-vaccination paradox suggests that the truly hard sciences are those that involve

human behavior.

III. Reading Comprehensions

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage, there are four words or phrases marked A,

B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

No business would welcome being compared to Big Tobacco or gambling. Yet that is what is happening to

makers of video games. For years parents have casually complained that their offspring are “addicted” to their

smartphones. Today, ____21____, ever more doctors have using the term literally.

On January 1st “gaming disorder” — in which games are played ____22____, despite causing harm — gains

recognition from the Worth Health Organization. A few months ago China, the world's biggest gaming market,

announced new rules limiting children to just a single hour of play a day. Western politicians worry publicly about

some games' similarity to gambling. Clinics are sprouting around the world, promising to cure patients of their

habit.

Are games really addictive? Psychologists are ____23____. The case for the defence is that this is just another

moral panic. Killjoys in the past issued ____24____ serious warnings about television, rock 'n' roll, jazz, comic

books, and even novels. As the newest form of mass media, gaming is merely enduring its own time in the stocks

before it eventually ceases to be controversial. Furthermore, defenders argue, the criteria used to diagnose gaming

addiction are too ____25____. Obsessive gaming, they suggest, is as likely to be a symptom (of depression, say) as

a disorder in its own right.

The prosecution refutes that, unlike rock bands or novelists, games developers have both the motive and the

means to engineer their products to make them ____26____. The motive arises from a business-model shift. Many

use a "free-mium" model, in which the game is free and money is made from purchases of in-game goods. That

____27____ playtime directly to profits. The means is a combination of psychological theory and data that helps

games-makers ____28____ that playtime. Psychologists already know quite a lot about the sorts of things that

animals, including humans, find rewarding. Smartphones use their permanent internet connections to send

gameplay data back to developers. That allows products to be constantly fine-tuned to ____29____ spending.

While psychologists argue about the finer points of what exactly counts as addiction, the industry should

recognize that, in the real world, it has a problem. Clinics are already reporting booming business, as lock-downs

have given gamers more time to spend with their hobby. The regulatory climate for tech is getting ____30____.

And being associated in the public mind, fairly or not, with gambling and tobacco will not do the industry any

favours.

It would be wise to get ahead of the discussion. A good place to start would be with hard data. Many of the

studies supporting the opinion that games are addictive in a ____31____ sense are not clear: they rely on self-

reported symptoms, contested diagnostic criteria, and so on. Even basic questions about the amount of time and

money spent by users are hard to answer. The industry has an abundance of ____32____ that could help. But

gaming firms mostly keep details of how gamers behave ____33____, citing commercial sensitivity.

In the long run, that will prove unwise. Gaming firms should make more of their data available to researchers.

文档加载中……请稍候！
如果长时间未打开，您也可以点击刷新试试。

下载文档到电脑，查找使用更方便

3 知币 4人已下载

立即下载

上海市建平中学2021-2022学年高三下学期3月考试英语试题（原卷版）.docx

共12页,预览4页

还剩页未读，继续阅读

上海市建平中学2021-2022学年高三下学期3月考试英语试题（原卷版）

相关推荐

开通VIP享超值会员特权

作者详情

相关内容

推荐作者

热门标签

举报选择: