上海市建平中学2021-2022学年高三下学期3月考试英语试题含解析

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II. Grammar and Vocabulary

Section A

Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically

correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other

blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Tall, young and active

November 14, 1963 was a cold morning. This was nothing out of the ordinary for the fisherman. They were

used to the winter weather around Iceland. Suddenly, however, they saw something unusual. Thick, black smoke

was pouring out of the sea. ____1____ (think) a boat was on fire, they raced toward it. Yet as they got closer, they

realized it was ____2____ quite different. Magma (岩浆) was rubbing away from the ocean floor. The fishermen

watched as a new island rose from the sea. This island, later ____3____ (name) Surtsey, joined the thousands of

volcanic islands worldwide.

The island of Hawaii is one of the most well-known volcanic islands. Lava (熔岩) from multiple volcanoes

built this island. One of these volcanoes is Mauna Kea. Mauna Kea began under the ocean over 1 million years ago.

Magma broke through the Earth’s crust- that is, the outer layer of the earth. ____4____ the magma cooled, it

formed an underwater mountain. About 100,000 years ago, the mountain rose ____5____ sea level. Eruption (喷发)

then became more frequent and more violent. Layers of lava hardened into rock. Now, Mauna Kea ____6____

(measure) 9,966 meters from ocean floor to mountain peak, making it the world’s highest mountain.

Fortunately for Hawaiians, Mauna Kea volcano is quiet - for the time being. ____7____ volcano on the same

island is anything but quiet. Kilauea is smaller than Mauna Kea. However, it has erupted nonstop since 1983 and is

the world’s most active volcano, ____8____ produces between 300,000 and 600,000 m2 of lava every day. Over the

past two decades. It ____9____ (add) more than 540 acres to the island. In spite of the danger, it is a popular tourist

attraction. Yet, ____10____ this popular tourist attraction contributes to the Hawaiian economy financially also

comes at a cost. Kilauea is responsible for taking both lives and homes.

【1~10 题答案】

【答案】1. Thinking

2. something

3. named 4. As##When

5. above 6. measures

7. Another 8. which

9. has added

10. what

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是 Mauna Kea 火山和 Kilauea 火山喷发对当地的影响。

【1题详解】

考查现在分词。句意：他们以为船着火了，就向它冲去。分析句子结构可知，句中谓语是 raced，空格处用

非谓语动词，they 和think 之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动，位于句首，首字母大写，故填

Thinking。

【2题详解】

考查不定冠词。句意：然而，当他们走近时，他们意识到这是一个完全不同的东西。根据语境可知，句子

表示“他们意识到这是一个完全不同的东西”，空格处意为“某种东西” ，是 something ，故填

something。

【3题详解】

考查过去分词。句意：这个后来被命名为苏尔西岛的岛屿，是世界上数千个火山岛中的一个。句中谓语是

joined，空格处用非谓语动词，Surtsey 和name 之间是被动关系，因此空格处用过去分词表被动，故填

named。

【4题详解】

考查连词。句意：当岩浆冷却时，形成了一座水下山。根据语境可知，句子表示“当岩浆冷却后，形成了

一座水下山”，空格处意为“当......的时候”，是 as/when，位于句首，首字母大写，故填 As/When。

【5题详解】

考查介词。句意：大约十万年前，这座山高出海平面。由“the mountain rose”可知，山是高于海平面，空

格处意为“在......之上”，是 above，故填 above。

【6题详解】

考查时态和主谓一致。句意：现在，莫纳克亚山从海底到山峰的高度为 9966 米，是世界上最高的山峰。

measure 意为“量度为”，是不及物动词，无被动形式由 Now 可知，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在

时，主语 Mauna Kea 是单数，因此空格处是第三人称单数 measures，故填 measures。

【7题详解】

考查代词。句意：同一岛上的另一座火山却一点也不安静。由后面的 “volcano on the same island is

anything but quiet”和前面的“Mauna Kea volcano is quiet”可知，空格后描述的是另一座火山，空格处意

为“另一个”，是 another，位于句首，首字母大写，故填 Another。

【8题详解】

考查定语从句。句意：然而，自 1983 年以来，它一直在不间断地喷发，是世界上最活跃的火山，每天产生

30 万到 60 万平方米的熔岩。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行

词volcano 是物，因此空格处用关系代词 which，故填 which。

【9题详解】

考查时态和主谓一致。句意：它已经为该岛增加了 540 多英亩土地。由“Over the past two decades”可知，

句子时态是现在完成时，主语 It 是单数，因此空格处是 has added，故填 has added。

【10 题详解】

考查主语从句。句意：然而，这个受欢迎的旅游景点对夏威夷经济的贡献也是有代价的。分析句子结构可

知，空格处引导主语从句，从句中缺少宾语，因此空格处用 what 引导主语从句，故填 what。

Section B

Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that

there is one word more than you need.

A. conquered B. crossing C. embarrass D. fooling E. hugely F. independent

G. licensed H. set I. subconsciously J. tripping K. typical

What makes a problem “hard”?

There is a saying in the filed of artificial intelligence: “Hard things are easy; easy things are hard.” Activities

that most people find very hard, such as playing chess or doing highest mathematics, have given way fairly readily

to computation, yet many tasks that humans find easy or even trivial resist being ____11____ by machines.

Twenty-five years ago Garry Kasparov became the first chess grand master to lose to computer. Today

computer programs can beat the world’s best players at poker and Go, what music and even pass the famous Turing

test ____12____ people into thinking they are talking another human. Yet computers still struggle to do things most

of us human beings find easy, what can ____13____ even the most advanced machines, such as learning to speak

our native tongue or predicting from body language whether a pedestrian is about to cross the street - something

that human drivers do ____14____.

AI researchers will tell you that chess turned out to be comparatively easy because it follows ____15____

rules that create a finite number of possible plays. Predicting the intentions of a pedestrian, however, is a more

complex and fluid task that is had to reduce to rules. No doubt that is true, but I think there is a bigger lesson in the

AI experience that applies to more urgent problems. Let’s call it the vaccine-vaccination paradox.

Anyone familiar with biology is ____16____ impressed by the scientific work that in under a year yielded

astonishingly effective vaccines to fight COVID-19. Yet even several months after the vaccines were ____17____

for use, it is extremely hard to get all the countries fully vaccinated, especially in some part of the western world.

The hard task of creating a vaccine proved relatively easy; the easy task of vaccination has proved very hard.

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