甘肃省天水市秦安县第四中学2022-2023学年高二上学期期中英语试题含解析

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秦安县第四中学 2022-2023 学年第一学期期中考试试卷

高二英语

第Ⅰ卷(选择题)

第一部分阅读(共两节，满分 50 分)

第一节(共15 小题;每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming

and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by huntergatherers, small, tightly knit connected groups

developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years

ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.

Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too

became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialization, the development of the

nationstate and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications

in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English,

Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.

At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The

general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones

have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa

2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3，200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800.

The median number (中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world's languages are spoken

by fewer people than that.

Already well over 400 of the total of 6，800 languages are close to extinction, with only a few elderly

speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico (150), Lipan

Apache in the United States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems

to have much chance of survival.

1. What can we infer about languages in huntergatherer times?

A. They developed very fast. B. They had similar patterns.

C. They were large in number. D. They were closely connected.

Which of the following best explains “dominant” underlined in Paragraph 2?

A. Modern. B. Powerful. C. Complex. D. Advanced.

3. How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present?

A. About 6,800. B. About 1,200.

C. About 3,400. D. About 2,400.

【答案】1. C 2. B 3. C

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了随着时代的变迁，语言的数量在不断的变化。10000 年前，当

世界上只有 500 万到 1000 万人时，他们之间可能会说 12000 种语言。目前，世界上大约有 6800 种语言。

【1题详解】

推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just

five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.(一些语言专家认为，10000 年前，

当世界上只有 500 万到 1000 万人时，他们之间可能会说 12000 种语言。)”推知，在狩猎时代，语言的数

量非常的庞大，故选 C。

【2题详解】

词句猜测题。根据第二段“all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as

English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.（所有这些都导致了许多语言的消失，英语、西班

牙语和汉语等 dominant 语言正日益占据主导地位)”中的 increasingly taking over 可知，英语、西班牙和汉

语正在占据主导地位，说明这三种语言具有强大的生命力；A. Modern 现代的；B. Powerful 强大的；C.

Complex 复杂的；D. Advanced 先进的；选项 B修饰 language 符合语境，故选 B。

【3题详解】

细节理解题。根据第三段“The median number(中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the

world's languages are spoken by fewer people than that.(语言者的中位数仅为 6000 人，这意味着世界上一半的

语言的使用者人数少于 6000 人。)”以及“At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. (目前，世界上大

约有 6800 种语言。)”可知，目前，大约有 3400 种语言的使用者少于 6000 人，故选 C。

Kyle Cassidy and three other members of the Annenberg Running Group were stretching on the grounds of the

University of Pennsylvania, waiting for a few latecomers. The Penn colleagues and other community members

meet three days a week for a roughly 30-minute jog and an occasional lecture. That's right― during some runs, one

of them delivers a talk. Topics range from the brain to Bitcoin.

But on this day last January, it would not be their normal run. The first clue that something was off was the

man who sprinted past them. "Running at an amazing pace," Cassidy told Runner's World admiringly. Cassidy

discovered why the sprinter was so fleet of foot when another man ran by, yelling, “Help! He took my phone and

laptop!"

At that, the group did what running clubs do: They ran, trailing the suspect down the streets of Philadelphia

until he ducked into a construction site. The runners split up. Cassidy ran around to the far side of the site to cut the

thief off while the others wandered the neighborhood hoping he had dumped the loot （赃物）in a backyard.

No luck. So they decided to ask residents whether they'd seen the guy. When they knocked on the door of one

row house, they were in for a surprise. Unknown to them, he had already emerged from the construction site—and

was hiding behind a bush by that very house. As the owner opened the door, the suspect darted out from behind the

bush ... and right into the arms of campus police, who'd joined the chase shortly behind the runners.

The members of this running group are not hard-core athletes. But they do understand the benefit of a little

exercise. ''Running is typically a useless sport where you turn fat cells into heat," Cassidy told The Philadelphia

Inquirer. "But occasionally it can be useful, and here was one of those opportunities."

4. Why do the group members gather together?

A. To do some stretching. B. To have a regular run.

C. To deliver a lecture. D. To cover some topics.

5. What does the underlined word "sprinted" in Paragraph 2 probably mean?

A. Dashed. B. Pushed.

C. Jumped. D. Escaped.

We can infer that the success of the chase is mainly due to____ .

A. the assistance of the runners B. the owner of the row house

C. the campus police on patrol D. the joint efforts of the people

7. Which of the following best describes Cassidy?

A. Athletic and generous. B. Courageous and ambitious.

C. Helpful and humorous. D. Thoughtful and demanding.

【答案】4. B 5. A 6. D 7. C

【解析】

【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了跑步俱乐部成员和校园警察等众人合力将抢了别人电话和笔记本电脑

的嫌犯抓获的故事。

【4题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The Penn colleagues and other community members meet three days a week for

a roughly 30-minute jog and an occasional lecture.”可知，宾州大学的同事和其他社区成员每周集结三天，进

行大约 30 分钟的慢跑，由此可知，小组成员聚在一起是为了进行常规的跑步，故 B项正确。

【5题详解】

词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“"Running at an amazing pace,"”可知，这个人跑的速度非常快，应该是从他

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