黑龙江省大庆铁人中学2022-2023学年高二下学期期中考试 英语

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大庆铁人中学 2021 级高二学年下学期期中考试 英语 试题 考试时间： 2023 年 5 月 23 日
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大庆铁人中学 2021 级高二学年下学期期中考试
英语试题
命题人：时元鑫 审题人：张睿
试题说明：1、本试题满分 150 分，答题时间 120 分钟。
2、请将答案填写在答题卡上，考试结束后只交答题卡。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分 30 分）
第一节（共 5 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 7.5 分）
听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A 、B 、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，
并标在试卷的相应位置，听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1. When might the man’s train arrive?
A. At 7:00 pm. B. At 8:00 pm. C. At 9:00 pm.
2. What will the speakers probably do next?
A. Find a shelter. B. Fetch an umbrella. C. Hurry home.
3. What does the man probably do?
A. A salesman. B. An architect. C. A writer.
4. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. How to make salad. B. Where to meet a friend. C. What to bring for camping.
5. Which restaurant is closed on Mondays?
A. The Sun Pizzeria. B. The Huge Hamburger. C. The Happy Dragon.
第二节（共 15 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 22.5 分）
听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A 、B 、C 三个选项中
选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置，听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5 秒钟；
听完后，各小题将给出 5秒钟的作答时间，每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第 6 段材料，回答第 6、7 题。
6. When will the woman go to the clinic?
A. On Tuesday. B. On Wednesday. C. On Friday.
7. Who will the woman see?
A. Dr. Green. B. Dr. Smith. C. Dr. Jones.
听第 7段材料，回答第 8至10 题。
8. What does the woman care most about the hotel?
A. Its location. B. Its size. C. Its price.
9. What is the woman going to do first?
A. Talk with her friends. B. Make a travel schedule. C. Consult her parents.
10. Which month is it now probably?
A. May. B. June. C. July.
听第 8段材料，回答第 11 至13 题。
11. When did the man first learn about Little Women?
A. In middle school. B. In high school. C. At college.
12. Which novel was written by Stephen Crane?
A. Little Women. B. Gone with the Wind. C. The Red Badge of Courage.
13. Why does the man suggest the woman give up Gone with the Wind?
A. It’s very long. B. It’s quite difficult. C. It’s too boring.
听第 9段材料，回答第 14 至17 题。
14. Which position is available now?
A. A kitchen hand. B. An assistant cook. C. A cleaner.
15. How often should the man work for the job?
A. Once a week.
B. Twice a week.
C. Three times a week.
16. How much will the man get for the job?
A. $15 per hour.
B. $18 per hour.
C. $20 per hour.
17. What does the woman remind the man to do at last?
A. Offer a reference. B. Bring his passport. C. Fill in an application form.
听第 10 段材料，回答第 18 至20 题。
18. Which job did Winfrey do in high school?
A. A news reader. B. An entertainer. C. A broadcast journalist.
19. What do known women do in the programme?
A. Read famous females’ stories.
B. Recommend books to listeners.
C. Listen to stories from famous books.
20. Which characteristic of Winfrey does the speaker stress?
A. Humor. B. Confidence. C. Bravery.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分 50 分）
第一节（共 15 小题; 每小题 2.5 分, 满分 37.5 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
大庆铁人中学 2021 级高二学年下学期期中考试 英语 试题 考试时间： 2023 年 5 月 23 日
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A
Have you ever been really hungry, but there wasn’t much to eat in your kitchen? Did you throw
together a bunch of stuff you had on hand and were pleasantly surprised when it tasted good? You are not
alone. Some of our favorite foods were created by accident. Here’s a sample menu of some familiar foods
that never would have happened if someone hadn’t created them by mistake.
POTATO CHIPS
One of the world’s favorite snacks is the result of a complaint. In 1853, a man was eating dinner at
Moon’s Lake House in Saratoga Springs, New York. He ordered fried potatoes, a particular side dish. But
when they came out of the kitchen, he didn’t think they were crispy enough. He sent them back to the
kitchen, where Chef George Crum was so angry at having his cooking criticized that he sliced the potatoes
really thin, put lots of salt on them, and fried them. Not only did the diner love them, but everyone else did,
too. They soon became a specialty of the restaurant.
TOFU
Tofu, or bean curd, is made by curdling(使凝结) fresh soya milk, pressing it into a solid block, and
then cooling it. Tofu was accidentally invented in China more than 2,000 years ago, when a cook added
seaweed to soya milk, which made it curdle. This is the same process that is used for making cheese. Like
cheese, tofu is a great example of how really messing up a recipe can create something unexpectedly good.
CHEESE PUFFS
Did you ever wonder who thought up cheese puffs? The company that invented them wasn’t even
trying to make food for people. It was trying to make animal feed. In the 1930s, the Flakall Company of
Wisconsin made animal food from small, flaked pieces of grain. One day, an employee, Edward Wilson,
watched workers pouring cornmeal(谷粉) into the flaking machine, wetting it to keep it from clogging(堵
塞). Because the machine was very hot, the wet cornmeal came out of it in puffy(蓬松的) ribbons that
hardened when they hit the air. Wilson took some of the ribbons home, added oil and flavoring to them,
and voila! Cheese puffs!
21. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Seaweed is also used for making cheese.
B. Chef George Crum didn’t like to criticize others’ cooking.
C. Hot wet cornmeal hardened when they hit the air.
D. Bean curd dates back 2,000 years in China.
22. What do the three foods have in common?
A. They are the results of complaints.
B. They were not created on purpose.
C. They were not originally made for people.
D. They are all popular throughout the world.
23. What’s the purpose of the text?
A. To compare the features of some foods.
B. To inform readers of some foods.
C. To recommend some foods.
D. To introduce the origins of some foods.
B
My mother is the most important person in my life and she means the whole world to me. She was a
nurse at Stony Brook University Hospital and she always took the night shift so that she could come home
in time to drive me to school. She’d sleep during the day and be ready when I returned home before
heading out again in the evening. This went on for 23 years. She never complained. No matter how tired
she was, she always had enough energy to be my mum.
She often had to work on Christmas, Christmas Eve or New Year’s Eve, and sometimes Thanksgiving,
which made me upset. However, before holidays she always decorated the inside and outside of our house.
She’d also have cookies baking in the oven, a holiday-themed movie in the VCR, and music playing
throughout our house for me. But when it was time to go to work, there was no room for debate. “Why do
you have to work on this day of all days?” I’d ask sadly. “They need me, too, dear son,” she’d respond,
compassion in her tone.
For a long time I didn’t understand why she should care so much about those sick strangers. Recently,
my grandmother became ill and I found myself spending more time in hospital. The scenes I saw in the
hospital made me see the different side of my mother. The nurses checked heart, blood and oxygen levels,
and made sure patients were comfortable. They lifted patients in and out of bed and helped them to the
bathroom. Beyond their duties, the nurses displayed consideration for each patient.
What I saw helped me to understand why my mother was devoted to her occupation. I was filled with
more admiration for my mother.
24. Why did the author’s mother work at night?
A. To earn more money.
B. To take care of her kid.
C. To sleep during the day.
D. To attend school in time.
25. What made the author annoyed?
A. Spending holidays in the hospital.
B. Too much housework during holidays.
C. His mother’s absence on holiday nights.
D. His mother’s concern about her patients.
26. What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A. How the author came to understand his mother.
B. What qualities are required to be a good nurse.
C. How challenging it is to work as a nurse.
D. Why the author’s mother loved her work.
大庆铁人中学 2021 级高二学年下学期期中考试 英语 试题 考试时间： 2023 年 5 月 23 日
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27. Which of the following may best describe the author’s mother?
A. Hard-working and cautious.
B. Devoted and humorous.
C. Loving and responsible.
D. Patient and ambitious.
C
If you start a sentence with, “If I were you…” or find yourself scratching your head over a decision
when the answer is crystal-clear, there’s a scientific reason behind it. Our own decision-making abilities
can become exhausted over the course of the day causing indecision or poor choices, but choosing on
behalf of someone else is an enjoyable task that doesn’t suffer the same difficulties.
“The problem is decision fatigue(疲劳), a psychological phenomenon that causes harm to the quality
of your choices after a long day of decision making,” says Evan Polman, a leading psychologist.
Physicians on the job for several hours, for example, are more likely to prescribe antibiotics(抗生素)
to patients when it’s unwise to do so. “Presumably(可能) it’s because it’s simple and easy to write a
prescription and consider a patient case closed rather than investigate further,” Polman says.
But decision fatigue goes away when you are making the decision for someone else. When people
imagine themselves as advisers, they feel less tired and rely less on decision shortcuts. “By taking upon the
role of adviser rather than decision maker, one does not suffer the consequences of decision fatigue,” he
says. “It is as if there is something fun about making someone else’s choice.”
“Getting input from others offers a fresh perspective and thought process, but it often includes riskier
choices. While this sounds undesirable, it can be quite good. When people experience decision fatigue, or
are tired of making choices, they have a tendency to choose to go with status quo(现状),” says Polman.
“But it can be problematic since a change in the course of action can be important and lead to a positive
outcome.”
To achieve a successful outcome or reward, some level of risk is almost always essential. “People
who are susceptible to decision fatigue will likely choose to do nothing over something,” he says. “That’s
not to say risk is always good, but it is related to taking action, whereas decision fatigue assuredly leads to
inaction and the possible chagrin(懊恼) of a decision maker who might otherwise prefer a new course but
is unfortunately hindered(阻碍).”
“That you can make good choices for others doesn’t mean you will do the same for yourself,”
Polman cautions. “Research has found that women negotiate higher salaries for others than they do for
themselves,” he says, adding that people slip in and out of decision roles.
28. What does the author say about people making decisions?
A. They tend to make decisions the way they think advantageous to them.
B. They may become exhausted making too many decisions for themselves.
C. They show considerable differences in their decision-making abilities.
D. They are more cautious in making decisions for others than for themselves.
29. When do people feel less decision fatigue?
A. When they take decision shortcuts.
B. When they have advisers to turn to.
C. When they have major decisions to make.
D. When they help others to make decisions.
30. What are people likely to do when decision fatigue sets in?
A. They avoid trying anything new.
B. They turn to physicians for advice.
C. They tend to make risky decisions.
D. They adopt a totally new perspective.
31. What does the passage say about taking some risk in decision making?
A. It will enable people to be more creative.
B. It will more often than not end in regret.
C. It is vital for one to reach the goal desired.
D. It is likely to bring about serious consequences.
D
A magnitude-7.8 earthquake hit southeastern Turkey and parts of Syria in the early hours of the
morning of 6 February. At least 41,000 people are known to have lost their lives. Erdogan declared a
three-month state of emergency in 10 southern provinces. Flags were lowered to half-staff as the country
observed seven days of national mourning. He said 13 million of the country’s 85 million people were
affected in some way by the disaster.
How big is a 7.8 quake on the local magnitude scale? The number attributed to an earthquake
represents a combination of the distance the fault line(断层) has moved and the force that moved it. A
quake of 2.5 or less usually cannot be felt, but can be detected by instruments. Quakes of up to five are felt
and cause minor damage. An earthquake at 7.8 is classified as major and usually causes serious damage, as
it has in this instance. Anything above 8 causes catastrophic damage and can totally destroy communities
at its centre. While the magnitude of an earthquake denotes(表示) its size and strength, the potential
damage caused by a quake is also determined by its depth (the shallower the quake, the more damaging)
and its proximity to population centers.
Turkey is in an active earthquake zone. Most of Turkey sits on the Anatolian plate between two major
faults: the North Anatolian Fault and the East Anatolian Fault. “Turkey is moving west about 2 centimeters
per year along the East Anatolian Fault,” says David Rothery, a geoscientist. “Half the length of this fault
is lit up now with earthquakes.” he adds.
The horror of the near-instantaneous destruction raises a question: why didn’t anyone know the
earthquake was coming? The answer is tricky. Although scientists can predict disasters like hurricanes or
floods, they cannot yet do the same with earthquakes. Earthquakes account for nearly half of all deaths
from natural disasters over almost two decades, according to the World Health Organization. Many
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