山东省菏泽市2021届高三下学期4月联考（二模）英语试题含答案

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2021 菏泽二模考试

2021.4

第一部分阅读（共两节,满分 50 分）

第一节（共 15 小题;每小题 2. 5 分,满分 37. 5 分）

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

Education Outside the Classroom

The Lawrenceville School provides students with experientially based programmes that educate them in

responsible leadership, community engagement, and character development that enhance both academic and non-

academic skills.

Community Service

The School's Community Service Programme encourages all Lawrentians to connect with the greater

community, giving them the opportunity to engage with a variety of people outside the students' immediate world.

Model UN

Students will learn the inner-working of the United Nations by participating in this programme. During the

first semester, students meet and discuss important world events. During the second semester, students prepare to

participate in the Model UN Conferences.

Investment Programme

The programme gives students hands-on experience in the financial world. Students learn the basics of

investing, watch trends in the market, and research stocks. Due to a generous donation, the group has $ 5,000 of

real money to invest. Gams will be invested back into the programme.

Fine Arts & Literature

Members meet weekly to enjoy a community of individuals who appreciate the fine arts and literature. In the

spring, the programme publishes a collection of artwork—photography, drawings, paintings, essays, short stories

and poetry. Additionally, the programme hosts book discussions and film screenings throughout the year.

1. What's the shared goal of all the programmes?

A. To improve academic skills. B. To experience community life.

C. To develop overall competence. D. To encourage social involvement.

2. Which programme should you choose to develop global leadership?

A. Model UN. B. Community Service.

C. Fine Arts Literature. D. Investment Programme.

3. What can be expected of the Investment programme?

A. It makes a profit for those participants. B. It offers advanced marketing knowledge.

C. It lays a foundation for financial management. D. It gives access to successful businessmen.

Sam Mehr, a psychologist at Harvard started working on the project after he kept reading an overfamiliar line

at the top of research papers that said, “music is universal.” But every time he came across the statement, there

wasn't a citation to back it up.

To see if there was any proof to this claim, he and his fellow researchers created two databases ： one with

descriptions from the researchers of what happened when music from the 1960s was playing, and another of 118

audio recordings from 86 different societies.

He found that there were three characteristics of behavior that consistently characterized music: formality,

arousal (or how calming or exciting a song was), and religiosity—religious respect.

People did a decent job guessing the themes, especially for dance songs and nursery rhymes, says Manvir

Singh, a Harvard Ph. D. student in the department of human evolutionary biology.

“Music appears in this huge diversity of behavioral, social, emotional context in human societies,” Singh says,

“but it does so similarly across societies. ”

“The musical brain may have led to things that we take for granted in human nature, like compassion and

empathy( 同情与共情） ,because music uniquely can help us achieve those states,” Daniel Levitin, a cognitive

scientist who's done similar research on music and evolution, explains, “Not to mention awe, appreciation, and

gratitude. ”

For Mehr and his team, the hunt for data is just the beginning. The lab is running more detailed quizzes to dig

into how people respond to what they hear. They also hope to do studies on different populations like babies to see

how they react to tunes like nursery rhymes from faraway societies.

Singh says he also hopes to analyze lyrics and the way they shape people's feelings and actions, even if it's in a

language they don’t understand. ‘‘Exploring the lyrics allows us to better understand how music can bring these

emotional or behavioral responses,” says Singh, “but also, in a broader way, the world view of the people who are

singing.”

4. What's the main idea of the text?

A. Music shapes people's world views. B. Music is universal across societies.

C. Music behaviors are different in cultures. D. The scientists have different opinions on music.

5. Which music behavioral characteristic will appear when rock music is playing?

A. Gratitude. B. Formality. C. Religiosity. D. Arousal.

6. What does Daniel Levitin think of music?

A. It plays a role in emotion. B. It can't lead to appreciation.

C. It can help us achieve goals. D. It is a talent we are born with.

7. What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs?

A. More quizzes will be conducted. B. Different populations will be studied.

C. The hunt for data has already been finished. D. Further data wait to be sought.

If you watch nature documentaries, it's easy to come away with the impression that grand tropical( 热带的)

forests have been largely undisturbed until modern times. However，in the last two decades，scientific data have

shown that，actually, human societies have occupied and changed these environments over many million years.

Patrick Roberts，from the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History ，says some of the trees

alive in tropical forests are up to a thousand years old. And they're sort of like time capsules，storing a record of

past human activity in their tree rings, chemistry and DNA. So he wanted to see how different existing methods

might come together to explore past tree populations, tree growth，tree ages by looking at the largest witnesses of

the changes in human activity in the tropics—the trees themselves.

For example ，native peoples of the Amazon basin planted Brazil nuts for thousands of years. Roberts'

colleague Victor Caetano-Andrade analyzed tree rings to determine the age and growth rates of Brazil nut trees near

the city of Manaus. He found that many trees were established in the late 1600s，but there was a steep drop-off in

new trees around the middle of the 18th century.

As colonial(殖民的）communities came into Manaus and developed the city ，they drove the natives out,

often killing them. And what Victor found is that，actually，their growth slowed after this period without these

traditional management strategies.

Another example is how communities selected for genetic features in a variety of tropical trees ，such as the

cocoa tree-used, of course，to make chocolate. A more detailed full genome analysis of this plant has shown that

humans may have even selected genes that reduced bitterness and improved its resistance to disease for their own

economic benefit.

Roberts says recognizing tropical trees as time capsules of cultural heritage gives us yet another reason to protect

them. “Not just because of their ecological benefits ，which are hugely significant, but also the information that

they store about human history，about our past. ”

8. What does the underlined phrase “time capsules” in Paragraph 2 refer to?

A. Old trees. B. Human history.

C. Human activities. D. Cultural heritage.

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摘要：

2021菏泽二模考试2021.4第一部分阅读（共两节,满分50分）第一节（共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分）阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AEducationOutsidetheClassroomTheLawrencevilleSchoolprovidesstudentswithexperientiallybasedprogrammesthateducatetheminresponsibleleadership,communityengagement,andcharacterdevelopmentthatenhancebothacademicandn...

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