2024江苏省阜宁中学高二上学期期末英语试卷（含答案）

3.0 envi 2024-12-15 6 4 61.5KB 8 页 3知币
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2023 年秋学期高二年级期末考试
英 语 试 题
时间：120 分钟 分值：150 分
第一部分：听力(共两节，满分 30 分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转
涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 7.5 分)
听下面 5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选
项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下
一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What will the speakers do on Thursday?
A. Play football. B. Watch a movie. C. Go hiking.
2. What does the man want to do?
A. Place an order. B. Design a uniform. C. Form a team.
3. What is Sally’s favorite city?
A. Paris. B. Madrid. C. Venice.
4. Where will the speakers go?
A. To a cafe. B. To a dessert shop. C. To a bookstore.
5. What relation is Mr. Gomez to the man?
A. His teacher. B. His client. C. His boss.
第二节(共15 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 22.5 分)
听下面 5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C三个选项中选
出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听毎段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小
题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出 5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第 6段材料，回答第 6、7题。
6. What is the man doing?
A. Driving a car. B. Repairing a car. C. Borrowing a car.
7. How does the man sound in the end?
A. Confused. B. Hesitant. C. Confident.
听第 7段材料，回答第 8至10 题
8. What are the speakers discussing?
A. A job candidate. B. A new workmate. C. Travel arrangements.
9. How does Steven Johnson impress the man?
A. By his working experiences.
B. By his communication skills.
C. By his international background.
10. When will the speakers meet Steven Johnson?
A. Tomorrow. B. Next week.
C. The week after next.
听第 8段材料，回答第 11 至13 题
11. What will the man do on Monday?
A. Start a new position. B. Pack his belongings.
C. Attend a meeting.
12. What is the man busy doing now?
A. Moving to his new office.
B. Checking off office supplies.
C. Preparing for a promotion campaign.
13. What does the woman offer to do?
A. Review an expense report.
B. Provide the man with supplies.
C. Arrange a company celebration.
听第 9段材料，回答第 14 至17 题。
14. Where will the event take place?
A. At a coffee shop. B. At a music hall. C. At a park.
15. Why did the woman choose the location?
A. It’s private. B. It’s family friendly.
C. It’s requested by the charity.
16. What does the woman ask the man to do?
A. Organize some activities. B. Contribute some money.
C. Contact some bands.
17. What is the event’s purpose?
A. To hear some live music. B. To help an animal shelter.
C. To have some family fun.
听第 10 段材料，回答第 18 至20 题。
18. Why did the speaker learn Arabic?
A. She wanted to study in Cairo.
B. She was inspired by her teacher.
C. She became interested in the culture.
19. What is the biggest challenge of learning Arabic for the speaker?
A. Suffering from culture shock.
B. Finding a hotel and accommodation.
C. Mastering written and spoken Arabic.
20. What excites the speaker most?
A. Being invited to a meal.
B. Shopping at a local market.
C. Getting to know the locals.
二、阅读理解（共两节，满分 50 分）
第一节 （共 15 小题，每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上
将该项涂黑。
A
Four Women Who Made Scientific History
Katherine Johnson (1918-2020)
Katherine Johnson was a Black mathematician and one of the first African-American women to
work as a NASA scientist. As a mathematician, she calculated and analyzed the flight paths of NASA
spacecraft. She is best known for making the calculations that allowed the first Americans to enter
Earth’s orbit and set foot on the moon. The 2016 movie “Hidden Figures” records Johnson’s life and
work at NASA.
Sally Ride (1951-2012)
Sally Ride was important in creating career and educational opportunities for women and girls in
science and mathematics. As an astronaut, she became the first American woman in space in 1983. On
NASA’s second and third Space Shuttle missions, her job was to work the robotic arm, which she used
to put satellites into space. After she stopped working for NASA, she founded NASA’s EarthKAM
project, which provided students the opportunity to take pictures of the Earth and then study them. In
2003, she was added to the Astronaut Hall of Fame.
Ada Lovelace (1815-1852)
Ada Lovelace is regarded as the world’s first computer programmer. She helped develop the idea
for a computing machine, and — long before computers were even invented — invented an algorithm
(算 法 ) for a computer. To honor her contributions, the U.S. Department of Defense named a new
computer language “Ada” in the 1980s.
Mae Jemison (1956- )
Mae Jemison is a doctor, engineer, and former NASA astronaut. In 1992, she became the first
Black woman to travel into space. Jemison excels in many scientific fields, has authored several books,
and even appeared on an episode (一集) of “Star Trek: The Next Generation”. She was included in the
National Women’s Hall of Fame and the International Space Hall of Fame. Currently, she leads the 100
Year Starship project through the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. This project is
devoted to ensuring that human travel to another star is possible in the next 100 years.
21. What did Katherine Johnson and Sally Ride have in common?
A. They both did teaching jobs.
B. They both traveled to space.
C. They both worked for NASA.
D. They both spoke up for women’s rights.
22. Whose name was used to name a computer language?
A. Sally Ride’s. B. Mae Jemison’s.
C. Ada Lovelace’s. D. Katherine Johnson’s.
23. What is Mae Jemison doing at present?
A. Writing a book. B. Leading a project.
C. Starring in a TV series. D. Working as an astronaut.
B
Jim Metzner has spent nearly five decades documenting and sharing the sounds of the world, from
immersive portraits of American cities to unforgettable moments with people and wildlife in varied
places.
Now more people will be able to hear more of the world through Metzner’s tape. The Library of
Congress announced earlier this month that it has acquired the full body of his life’s work. The
recordings include soundscapes of every description from around the world and interviews with
scientists, artists and local people. Whereas many recordists focus entirely on a single subject — nature,
music or science — Metzner’s recordings convey various human experiences accompanied by the vast
range of sounds from the natural world.
Metzner’s career began with a moment of realization in the 1970s, when he first ventured onto the
campus of UMass Amherst equipped with a stereo recorder, microphone and earphones. Metzner
recalled pushing the red button and hearing a lifelike symphony: a couple walking and talking nearby, a
bicycle riding through gravel, a bird flying overhead, bells in the distance. “And I was going like, ‘Wow,
this is amazing. What an extraordinary coincidence!’” he recalled. “But it wasn’t a coincidence — this
stuff was happening all the time, I just hadn’t been paying attention to it. And it was the microphone and
the recorder that said, ‘Wake up ... you live in a world of sound. Here it is.’ And it was, like, handing it
to me on a plate.”
Metzner continued to focus on those moments over the years. Now in his 70s, Metzner isn’t
hanging up his microphone quite yet. He tells NPR he’s grateful to the Library of Congress for
preserving his life’s work, which he describes as a deep honor. But he also wants to make sure it’s
actually being heard, not just “buried in an archive(档案室).”
He hopes more people will get to experience — and recognize the value — of soundscapes, which
he describes as “part of our natural heritage” and “the touchstones to our feelings.”
“You can go to a museum and see Diane Arbus’ photographs. You can see René Magritte’s
paintings,” he adds. “Why not soundscapes?”
24. What is special about Metzner’s recordings?
A. They describe the interviews with local people.
B. They convey sounds from human activities.
C. They display sounds on different subjects.
D. They focus entirely on a single subject.
25. What inspired Metzner to take up the recording career?
A. A symphony he heard on the campus of UMass Amherst.
B. A sound-rich moment on the campus of UMass Amherst.
C. A realization that he was well equipped with recording devices.
D. A coincidence that he happened to be waken up by the recorder.
26. Which aspect does Metzner value most about his life’s work?
A. The Library of Congress has preserved it.
B. It has recorded unforgettable moments.
C. It can become our natural heritage.
D. More people can actually hear it.
27. What does Metzner probably mean in the last paragraph?
A. Soundscapes are every bit as much of an art form.
B. More and more people choose to appreciate soundscapes.
C. Photographs and paintings are recognized as natural heritage.
D. The value of soundscapes deserves more recognition than others.
C
Lots of animals live and move in groups— elephants in herds, wolves in packs, birds in flocks, and
fish in schools. Research has shown that where an individual is located in the group can affect the
benefits it gets from hanging out in a crowd. However, Shaun Killen, an ecophysiologist at the
University of Glasgow in the UK says, researchers haven’t yet fully explored the role of physiological
processes such as digestion in driving animals’ collective behavior.
Killen and his colleagues recently studied schools of Eurasian minnows(鲦鱼)swimming in a tank
against a current. Pieces of food were constantly moving past the fish, and the team recorded how many
each minnow ate and the fishes’ positions before and after eating. After calculating the metabolic( 新陈
代谢的)costs of digesting each fish’s meal and comparing it to the fish’s position, the team observed a
trend: fish that had just gulped down a big meal moved to the back of the school, even when they’d
swum at the front at most other times.
“It makes sense that feeding would influence individuals’ positions in a group,” says Damien
Farine, who studies collective behavior in birds at the University of Konstanz in Germany, “If a fish is
hungry, it’s competing with others in the school to eat, and being at the front gives it access to more
food. But once the fish is full, it doesn’t necessarily need to be at the front.” In addition, “being at the
back of the group is less energetically costly for a range of reasons,” Farine notes. “An individual at the
back doesn’t have to contribute to navigating, and by relaxing the brain load it saves more energy.”
Killen says he’s been thinking about the pros and cons of being at the back of the pack, such as
protection from attackers and a boost from schoolmates’ slipstream. Changes in position, especially
during the basic trade-off between feeding and movement, appear to influence group leadership,
information transfer, and group decision making. But the consequences of the trade-offs for group
power and survival are not yet understood.
28. What does Killen and his colleagues’ study focus on?
A. How behavioral traits influence position change of individuals in fish schools.
B. How location influences nutrition states of individuals in fish schools.
C. How digestion influences distribution of individuals in fish schools.
D. How location influences benefits of individuals in fish schools.
29. What do the underlined words “gulped down” mean in Paragraph 2?
A. Swallowed. B. Located. C. Witnessed. D. Missed.
30. What can we learn from Paragraph 3?
A. A full fish competes to eat at the back.
B. A hungry fish has easier access to more food.
C. Being at the back saves the energy of a full fish.
D. Being at the front costs a hungry fish less energy.
31. What is Shaun Killen’s attitude to his study?
A. Cautious. B. Confident. C. Positive. D. Disappointed.
D
Clothes were once used until they fell apart. Not today. In high-income countries in particular,
clothing and footwear are increasingly frequently bought, thrown away and replaced with new fashions,
which are themselves soon thrown away and replaced.
The so-called ‘Fast fashion’ is having a surprising environmental impact. Take water. The fashion
industry, one of the world’s largest users of water, consumes anywhere from 20 trillion to 200 trillion
litres every year. Then there are microplastics. Plastic fibres are released when we wash polyester(聚酯
纤 维 )and other polymer-based textiles, and make up between 20% and 35% of the microplastics
choking the oceans. Added to this are specific chemicals, such as those used to make fabrics stain
resistant and the pesticides required to protect crops such as cotton.
Change is badly needed, but will require the fashion industry to work harder to embrace more of
what is known as the circular economy. That will involve at least two things: refocusing on making
things that last, and so encouraging reuse; and more rapidly expanding the technologies for sustainable
manufacturing processes, especially recycling. There’s a big role for research — both academic and
industrial — in achieving these and other ambitions.
Researchers could begin by helping to provide more accurate estimates of water use. There is also
work to be done on improving and expanding textiles recycling. Undoubtedly, used textiles go to
landfill in part because there are relatively few systems that collect, recycle and reuse materials. Such
recycling requires the manual separation of fibres, as well as buttons and zips. Different fibres are not
easy to identify by eye, and overall such manual processes are time-consuming. Machinery is being
developed that can help. Technologies also exist to recycle used fibres chemically and to create high-
quality fibres that can be reused in clothing. But these are nowhere near the scale needed.
Another challenge for researchers is to work out how to get consumers and manufacturers to
change their behaviour. Other research questions include finding ways to encourage people to purchase
long lasting goods; exploring how to satisfy desires for something new while reducing environmental
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