专题02 2022年全国乙卷阅读理解C篇+D篇---2022年高考英语真题变式汇编原卷版

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专题 02 2022 年全国乙卷阅读理解 C 篇+D 篇---2022 年高

考英语真题变式汇编

真题变式大题库原卷版

【原卷 28-31 题】知识点说明文无人机技术科技使生活更美好猜测词义题标题概括题

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Can a small group of drones( 无人机)guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help

railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky”

technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure( 基础设施)worldwide are safe

for trains on a 24/7 basis.

Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to

inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and

switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance

will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient(高效)across the board.

That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated

that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending

maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be

avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.

By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting

faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don’t

need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be

moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors

and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal

any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.

28. What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible?

A. The use of drones in checking on power lines.

B. Drones’ ability to work at high altitudes.

C. The reduction of cost in designing drones.

D. Drones’ reliable performance in remote areas.

29. What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?

A. Personnel safety. B. Assistance from drones.

C. Inspection and repair. D. Construction of infrastructure.

30. What function is expected of the rail drones?

A. To provide early warning. B. To make trains run automatically.

C. To earn profits for the crews. D. To accelerate transportation.

31. Which is the most suitable title for the text?

A. What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones

B. How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded

C. What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face

D How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways

变式训练

28-31-1【基础】

You have probably read about robots replacing human labor as a new era of automation takes root in one industry

after another. But a report suggests humans are not the only ones who might lose their jobs.

In New Zealand, farmers are using drones ( 无人机) to herd and monitor livestock, assuming a job that highly

intelligent dogs have held for more than a century.

The robots have not replaced the dogs entirely, Radio New Zealand reports, but they have appropriated one of the

animal's most potent tools : barking.

The DJ-Innovations (DJI) Mavic Enterprise, a $3,500 drone favored by farmers, has a feature that lets the machine

record sounds and play them over a loudspeaker, giving the machine the ability to mimic its canine counterparts.

Corey Lambeth, a shepherd at a farm with sheep and cows, told RNZ the machines are surprisingly effective.

“That’s the one thing I’ve noticed when you’re moving cows and calves --- that the old cows stand up to the dogs,

but with the drones, they’ve never done that,” he said, noting that it means the drones move livestock faster, with less

stress, than the dogs do.

Farmers told RNZ the drones come in handy for more than just herding cows and sheep. The robots allow farmers

to monitor their land from afar, tracking water and fed levels and checking on livestock health without disturbing the

animals.

Jason Rentoul told RNZ last spring that a two-hour herding job that used to require two people and two teams of

dogs could be accomplished in 45 minutes using a single drone. “Being a hilly farm where a lot of stuff is done on foot,

the drones really saved a lot of man-hours,” he said. “The drone does the higher bits that you can’t see from the ground,

and you would have to walk half an hour to go and have a look and then go, ‘Oh, there was no sheep there.’”

Farmers around the world are using drones. In South Africa, they monitor crop health from above, which boosts

harvests, according to CN. In California, winemakers use drones equipped with sensors to grow healthier grapes,

according to MIT Technology Review. Because drones fly closer to the ground, they are able to provide high-resolution

images that are less expensive than hiring someone to fly an aircraft over a field, the publication reported.

In New Zealand, farmers say some dogs are learning to work alongside drones, identifying the machines as more

co-worker than foe.

“A good herding dog, he's already figured out if the drones are working on that side. I’ll go over here (to the other

side) and work over here," Rentoul said.

“For now,” farmers say, “there is still a need for herding dogs, primarily because they have a longer life span than

drones, can work in bad weather and do not require an electrical socket every few hours to recharge.

“There’s definitely going to be places for dogs always on farm," Lambeth said. “The one down side of the Mavic

drones or anything electronic is that you still need to bring them in and charge them.”

28. According to the passage, the drones can’ t replace the dogs entirely because ________.

A. the drones can’t bark as loudly as the dogs do.

B. the drones’ power and working conditions are limited.

C. the drones are much more expensive than the animal.

D. cows and calves are not used to seeing the drones.

29. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

A. Herding dogs will gradually lose their position on the farmland.

B. The drones can only copy the dogs' barking with the current technology.

C. The drones are multifunctional and leave the animals undisturbed.

D. The cost of using drones to monitor grapes is half the

30. What are the main disadvantages of the drones?

A. Short service time and simple function.

B. Continuous maintenance and system upgrades.

C. Vulnerability to fierce animals and extreme weather.

D. Frequent absence and restricted battery capacity.

31. What can be a suitable title for the passage?

A. Robots are replacing human labor

B. Drones help keep livestock in line

C. Herding dogs will remain on farm

D. Farming is becoming surprisingly effective.

28-31-2【巩固】

Imagine you have a picture puzzle with 10,000 pieces but no picture on a box. In fact, you don’t even have the box

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