专题02 2022年全国乙卷阅读理解C篇+D篇---2022年高考英语真题变式汇编解析版

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专题 02 2022 年全国乙卷阅读理解 C 篇+D 篇---2022 年高

考英语真题变式汇编

真题变式大题库解析版

【原卷 28-31 题】知识点说明文无人机技术科技使生活更美好猜测词义题标题概括题

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Can a small group of drones( 无人机)guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help

railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky”

technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure( 基础设施)worldwide are safe

for trains on a 24/7 basis.

Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to

inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and

switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance

will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient(高效)across the board.

That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated

that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending

maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be

avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.

By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting

faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don’t

need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be

moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors

and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal

any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.

28. What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible?

A. The use of drones in checking on power lines.

B. Drones’ ability to work at high altitudes.

C. The reduction of cost in designing drones.

D. Drones’ reliable performance in remote areas.

29. What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?

A. Personnel safety. B. Assistance from drones.

C. Inspection and repair. D. Construction of infrastructure.

30. What function is expected of the rail drones?

A. To provide early warning. B. To make trains run automatically.

C. To earn profits for the crews. D. To accelerate transportation.

31. Which is the most suitable title for the text?

A. What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones

B. How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded

C. What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face

D How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways

28-31 ACBD

【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。应用今天的“空中之眼”的技术，无人机能在保证铁路安全可靠的同时又能

帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元。

28. A。细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines.

They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such

as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points.(无人机已经被用于检查高压电线。他们完全可以做

同样的事情来检查铁路线路和铁路基础设施的其他重要方面，如铁路轨道和换乘点的正确位置 )”可知使用无人

机检查电力线路使无人机应用于铁路线路成为可能。故选

29. C。词义猜测题。根据后文“It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion

euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail

infrastructure. (据统计，仅欧洲铁路公司每年在铁路维护上的花费就约为 200 亿欧元，其中包括经常在夜间派

遣维修人员检查和维修铁路基础设施 )”可知花在 maintenance 上的费用是用于“ inspect and repair the rail

infrastructure （检查和维修铁路基础设施”，由此可知“That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and

better protection of railway personnel safety”是指大幅节省检修成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全，划线词和 C 项：

Inspection and repair(检修)含义相近。故选 C。

30. B。推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“ Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the

future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously(工程师们现在

正在研究一个新概念:未来的铁路无人机。它们将在列车前方的轨道上运行，并被设定为自动运行 )”可知铁路无

人机有望让火车自动运行。故选 B。

30. D。主旨大意题。根据文章主题段第一段“Can a small group of drones(无人机)guarantee the safety and

reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the

very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometers

of rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施)worldwide are safe for trains on a24/7 basis.(一小群无人机能否在保证

铁路安全可靠的同时，帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元?这很可能是应用今天的“空中之眼”技术的未来，

以确保全球数百万公里的铁路轨道和基础设施全天候安全运行。)”以及后文第二段讲到了使用无人机检查电力

线路使无人机应用于铁路线路成为可能;第三段讲到了使用无人机大幅节省维护成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全；

第四段讲到了通过使用最新的技术，无人机还可以开始为铁路提供更高的价值，可知文章主要讲述了无人机将

如何改变铁路的未来，所以 D项“无人机将如何改变铁路的未来。”符合文章中心思想，适合作为本文的最佳

标题。故选 D。

变式训练

28-31-1【基础】

You have probably read about robots replacing human labor as a new era of automation takes root in one industry

after another. But a report suggests humans are not the only ones who might lose their jobs.

In New Zealand, farmers are using drones ( 无人机) to herd and monitor livestock, assuming a job that highly

intelligent dogs have held for more than a century.

The robots have not replaced the dogs entirely, Radio New Zealand reports, but they have appropriated one of the

animal's most potent tools : barking.

The DJ-Innovations (DJI) Mavic Enterprise, a $3,500 drone favored by farmers, has a feature that lets the machine

record sounds and play them over a loudspeaker, giving the machine the ability to mimic its canine counterparts.

Corey Lambeth, a shepherd at a farm with sheep and cows, told RNZ the machines are surprisingly effective.

“That’s the one thing I’ve noticed when you’re moving cows and calves --- that the old cows stand up to the dogs,

but with the drones, they’ve never done that,” he said, noting that it means the drones move livestock faster, with less

stress, than the dogs do.

Farmers told RNZ the drones come in handy for more than just herding cows and sheep. The robots allow farmers

to monitor their land from afar, tracking water and fed levels and checking on livestock health without disturbing the

animals.

Jason Rentoul told RNZ last spring that a two-hour herding job that used to require two people and two teams of

dogs could be accomplished in 45 minutes using a single drone. “Being a hilly farm where a lot of stuff is done on foot,

the drones really saved a lot of man-hours,” he said. “The drone does the higher bits that you can’t see from the ground,

and you would have to walk half an hour to go and have a look and then go, ‘Oh, there was no sheep there.’”

Farmers around the world are using drones. In South Africa, they monitor crop health from above, which boosts

harvests, according to CN. In California, winemakers use drones equipped with sensors to grow healthier grapes,

according to MIT Technology Review. Because drones fly closer to the ground, they are able to provide high-resolution

images that are less expensive than hiring someone to fly an aircraft over a field, the publication reported.

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