《历年高考英语真题试卷》2022年新高考全国Ⅰ卷英语高考真题文档版（原卷）

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2022 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新高考全国Ⅰ卷）

英语

本试卷共 10 页，满分 120 分。考试用时 120 分钟。

注意事项：1. 答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号和座

位号填写在答题卡上。用 2B 铅笔将试卷类型（A）填涂在答题卡相应位置上。将条形码横贴在

答题卡右上角“条形码粘贴处”。因笔试不考听力，选择题从第二部分的“阅读”开始，试题

序号从“21”开始。

2. 作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用 2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑；

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案不能答在试卷上。

3. 非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位

置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液，不按以

上要求作答的答案无效。

4. 考生必须保持答题卡的整洁：考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第二部分阅读（共两节，满分 50 分）

第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature

Grading Scale

90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E.

Essays（60%）

Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay 1 =10%; Essay

2=15%; Essay 3=15%; Essay 4=20%

Group Assignments（30%）

Students will work in groups to complete four assignments （作业）during the course. All the assignments will

be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system.

Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework（10%）

Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or tests

drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class' lecture/discussion, so it is important to take

careful notes during class. Additionally, from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or short

assignments to be completed at home, both of which will be graded.

Late Work

An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. If it is not

turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. Daily assignments not completed during class will get a

zero. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted.

21. Where is this text probably taken from?

A. A textbook. B. An exam paper. C. A course plan. D. An academic article.

22. How many parts is a student's final grade made up of?

A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five.

23. What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date?

A. You will receive a zero. B. You will lose a letter grade.

C. You will be given a test. D. You will have to rewrite it.

Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula（芝麻菜）was to make a nice green

salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I

stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way

too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.

In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, "food waste goes against the moral grain," as

Elizabeth Royte writes in this month's cover story. It's jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away—

from “ugly" （but quite eatable ）vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into

restaurant garbage cans.

Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food

waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, "if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest

producer of greenhouse gases in the world."

If that's hard to understand, let's keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin sees

my arugula story all the time — but for him, it's more like 12 bones of donated strawberries nearing their last days.

Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last

year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished （有瑕疵

的）produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries? Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or

dry them for use in meals down the road.

Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just don't think. "Everyone can play a part in reducing waste,

whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include

the side dish you won't eat," Curtin says.

24. What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story?

A. We pay little attention to food waste. B. We waste food unintentionally at times.

C. We waste more vegetables than meat. D. We have good reasons for wasting food.

25. What is a consequence of food waste according to the test?

A. Moral decline. B. Environmental harm.

C. Energy shortage. D. Worldwide starvation.

26. What does Curtin's company do?

A. It produces kitchen equipment. B. It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.

C. It helps local farmers grow fruits D. It makes meals out of unwanted food.

27. What does Curtin suggest people do?

A. Buy only what is needed. B. Reduce food consumption.

C. Go shopping once a week. D. Eat in restaurants less often.

The elderly residents（居民）in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feeling

lonely.

The project was dreamed up by a local charity（慈善组织）to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people's

wellbeing, It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia, a serious illness of the mind. Staff in care homes

have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use.

Among those taking part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier. She said: “I used to keep hens when I was

younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school.

"I like the project a lot. I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out and down there

again at night to see they've gone to bed.

"It's good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents

come and sit outside to watch them. I'm enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something

useful."

There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and the charity has been

given financial support to roll it out countrywide.

Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said: "Residents

really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the

project can bring to people here."

Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: "We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will really

help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities."

28. What is the purpose of the project?

A. To ensure harmony in care homes. B. To provide part-time jobs for the aged.

C. To raise money for medical research. D. To promote the elderly people's welfare.

29. How has the project affected Ruth Xavier?

A. She has learned new life skills. B. She has gained a sense of achievement.

C. She has recovered her memory. D. She has developed a strong personality.

30. What do the underlined words "embark on" mean in paragraph 7?

A. Improve. B. Oppose. C. Begin. D. Evaluate.

31. What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs?

A. It is well received. B. It needs to be more creative.

C. It is highly profitable. D. It takes ages to see the results.

Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common "m" and "a" to the rare clicks of

some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others? A ground-breaking, five-

year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the

world's languages.

More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as "f" and

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