专题5 高考英语全国卷中出现的熟词生义-2023年高考英语真题分项功能词汇专项突破

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高考英语全国卷中出现的熟词生义

英语中一词多义的现象普遍存在，阅读中常会遇到熟悉单词的不熟悉的意思，甚至与词典中能查到的

意思也不相同，这就是常说的“熟词生义”现象。遇到这种情况，我们要善于结合上下文，在具体的语境

中理解其特殊的含义。

我们整理了近三年高考英语全国卷真题中出现的“熟词生义”，供考生参考。考生熟读和背诵下面词

汇，定能大大提升词汇素养。

熟词熟义生义出现生义的真题例句

shot n. 射击；开枪 n. 少量烈酒

(2021 年新高考Ⅰ卷 ) Staff members hold plenty of bar events for

guests like free shots, bar crawls and karaoke.

score

n. 得分

v. 得(分)

n. 乐谱

His job is to sit beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score so

the musician doesn’t have to break the flow of sound by doing it

themselves.

v. 获得；得

到

(2021 年全国甲卷) It’s the best way to get rid of your used clothes,

score clothes from your friends, and have a party all at the same time.

stand v. 站立 n. 架；座

(2021 年新高考Ⅰ卷) I was turning the page to get ready for the next

page, but the draft wind from the turn caused the spare pages to fall

off the stand.

note n. 笔记；记录

n. 音符

(2021 年新高考Ⅰ卷) He’s interested in the music, feeling every

note, and I have to say: “Turn, turn!”

vt. 指出

(2021 年新高考Ⅰ卷) As someone noted in this paper a couple of

weeks ago, they eat great food and never gain weight.

house n. 房屋；住宅

vt. 给 … … 提

供住处

(2021 年新高考 Ⅰ 卷 ) Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to

feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing

waterfowl habitat(栖息地).

passage n. 段落

n. (法案的)通

过

(2021 年新高考Ⅰ卷) In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory

Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took

firm action to stop the destruction of migratory (迁徙的)…

makeup n. 组成成分

n. 天性；性

格

(2021 年新高考 Ⅰ 卷 ) Many people now misunderstand emotional

intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person’s makeup that

cannot be measured by an IQ test…

work v.&n. 工作

vi. 运转；运

行

(2021 年新高考Ⅰ卷) I’d see how a factory worked.

vi. 奏效；起

作用

(2021 年全国乙卷 ) But I recently came across a study that shows

why his approach works.

n. 著作；作

品

(2020 年全国Ⅰ卷) The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our

bond with the work is based on our present mental register.

strike

v.&n. 罢工；袭

击；打

v. 达成；制

定(协议)

(2021 年新高考Ⅰ卷) …some labor unions recently struck a deal

with a group of companies limiting the number of hours that

independent contractors can be on call.

v. 给(某人以

……)印象

(2021 年全国乙卷) His comment struck me as strange.

plant

n. 植物

vt. 种植

n. 工厂 (2021 年新高考Ⅰ卷) It happened that the plant downtown needed

eight kids for temporary help during our spring break.

break vt. 打破；弄坏 n. 休息

spring n. 春天 n. 泉

(2021 年新高考Ⅰ卷) The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is

something you must try after the climb.

must

aux v. 必须；应

该

n. 必须做的

事

(2021 年新高考Ⅰ卷) While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is a

must to visit!

entry n. 进入；加入 n. 参赛作品

(2021 年全国甲卷) Each year, the high standard of entries has shown

that the Awards are the perfect platform to showcase the very best

photography of the British landscape (风景).

(2020 年新高考Ⅰ卷) Mail your entry to us by October 31 this year.

rise

vi. 上升；起

立；上涨

n. 小丘；小

山

(2021 年全国甲卷) I climbed to the top of a small rise and realized

that the mist was little more than a few feet deep.

translate v. 翻译

v. 转变；转

换

(2021 年全国甲卷) I used classical techniques, translated from my

college days spent in the darkroom into Photoshop, to achieve the

black-and-white image (图像).

head n. 头；顶部 n. 负责人；

主管人

(2021 年全国甲卷) Paul Beer, head of rhino section at Port Lympne,

said: “Obviously we’re all absolutely delighted to welcome another

calf to our black rhino family.”

open

adj. 开放的；

公开的 v. 开；

开始

n. 户外；野

外

(2021 年全国甲卷) It’s still a little too cold for them (calves) to go

out into the open…

gray adj. 灰色的

adj. 昏暗的；

阴沉的

(2021 年全国甲卷) When I was 9, we packed up our home in Los

Angeles and arrived at Heathrow, London on a gray January

morning.

class n. 班；班级

n. 阶级；社

会等级

(2021 年全国甲卷) And the more we look, the more we will see that

social factors (因素) like gender, race, and class do not determine the

appearance of genius.

pour v. 倾倒；倒出

v. 涌进；涌

出

(2021 年全国乙卷 ) People have been pouring into stadiums since

the days of ancient Greece.

inform vt. 通知

vt. 对 … … 有

影响

(2021 年全国乙卷 ) …the Romans built the Colosseum, which

remains the world’s best known stadium and continues to inform

contemporary design.

weight n. 重量；体重

n. 负担；重

压

(2021 年全国乙卷) He or she is the person who is feeling the weight

of that awkwardness the most.

given

prep. 考虑到；

鉴于

n. 肯定的事

实

(2021 年全国乙卷) I take that as a given. No, this is for setting my

hair yesterday. (take…as a given 认为……理所当然)

set v. 安置；放置 v. 做头发

home n. 家；家乡

n. 栖息地；

产地

(2020 年新高考Ⅰ卷) His efforts have resulted in 1,360 acres of

naturally-grown land that has become home to many plants and

animals.

n. 发源地

(2020 年全国 Ⅱ卷) Discover William Wordsworth’s inspirational

home, take a tour of his Lakeland cottage, walk through hillside

garden and explore the riches of the collection in the Museum.

mention

vt.&n. 提及；

说起

n. 提名；推

荐

(2020 年新高考Ⅰ卷) 50 Honorable Mentions: Judges will choose

up to 50 honorable mention winners, who will each receive a T-shirt

in memory of Earhart’s final flight.

bear n. 熊 vt. 开(花)；(2020 年新高考 Ⅰ 卷 ) That willpower bore fruit when Jennifer

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专题5 高考英语全国卷中出现的熟词生义-2023年高考英语真题分项功能词汇专项突破.docx

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专题5 高考英语全国卷中出现的熟词生义-2023年高考英语真题分项功能词汇专项突破

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