专题2-高考英语阅读理解题文同义转换词汇 -2023年高考英语真题分项功能词汇专项突破

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阅读理解题文同义转换词汇

在阅读理解的某些细节题中，正确选项与原文的大意相同但表达方式不同，即进行了同义转换。这也

是高考阅读理解设题的常用手法之一！如 2021 年全国乙卷第 32 题，正确选项中用 concentrate 代替了原文

中的 focus；2020 年全国 I卷第 33 题，正确选项中用 lack 替代了原文中的 be short of (缺乏)。对此，我们归

纳了常见的 150 组同义表达，供考生复习参考。事实上，同义结构放在一块记，有助于扩大词汇量；掌握

这些同义表达，对口语、阅读和写作，以及解答其他题，都是非常有益的。因此，此专题是考生拔尖的良

师益友！大家万不可错过！

同一意思多种表达同一意思多种表达

充满 be full of, be filled with, be flooded

with, be crowded with

少数 a minority of, a small number of

区分 distinguish/tell A from B 打扰 cause trouble to, bother, disturb

亲自 personally, in person 描述 describe, give a description of

只有 only, nobody/nothing but 后来 afterwards, after that, later on

出版 come out, be published 缺席 be absent from, be not present at

尤其 particularly, in particular 目前 nowadays, at present, at the present

time

锻炼 exercise, work out 宣布 announce/declare sth, make sth known

to the public

谋生 make/earn a living 重要 count, matter, be important, be of

importance, significant, vital, crucial

代表 represent, stand for, (be) on behalf of 担心 worry about, be concerned/anxious

about

结合 combine, mix sth up 提到 mention, refer to, talk about/of

前进 advance, move forward 偶然地 incidentally, accidentally, by chance/

accident/coincidence, casually,

occasionally

舒适 comfortable, at ease 展览着 on show/display/exhibition

十年 decade, ten years 勇敢(去做)be brave to, have courage to

两周 fortnight, two weeks 违法的 illegal, not legal, against the law

二十 score, twenty 满足需要 cater to/meet/satisfy the need

十二 dozen, twelve 离开，放弃 abandon, go away from, leave , give up

成人 adult, grown-up 信任，信赖 trust, believe, have confidence/faith in

删除 delete, cut out 农村/城市 in the countryside/city, rural/urban

areas

下降，减少 decline, come/go down, drop, fall,

decrease, reduce

劝某人做 advise sb to do, try to persuade sb to do

移走 remove, take away 劝某人不要做 discourage sb from doing, persuade sb

not to do

吸收 absorb, take in 取消 cancel, call off

与……一致 agree/be consistent/correspond with 进入 enter, come/go into

把……分开 break sth apart, split/divide/separate sth 逃跑 escape, run away

用……替换 replace…with, use…as an alternative

to…

算出 calculate, figure out

回答 answer, reply to 开始存在 appear, come into being, come into

existence

收割 harvest, gather, get in 除……之外 besides, as well as, in addition to, apart

from

抵制 boycott, refuse to accept, resist, reject 制定计划 make a plan, work out a plan, draw up

a plan

相对立 contradict, be opposite to 与……不同 differ from, be different from, vary

from…to…

代替 replace, take the place of 防止疾病 protect…from sickness, avoid/prevent

sickness

背诵 recite, learn…by heart 用完某物 run out of sth, lack sth, sth run out, sth

be used up

害怕 fear, be afraid/scared of 方式，方法 way, solution, approach, method,

means

退(学)quit, drop out of (school) 情况良好 in a good condition, in a good

state/situation

推迟 delay, postpone, put off 置若罔闻 turn a deaf ear to, refuse to listen to

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专题2-高考英语阅读理解题文同义转换词汇 -2023年高考英语真题分项功能词汇专项突破.docx

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