《中考英语真题分类精解与解题技巧（陕西专用）》专题4.阅读技巧--细节理解题、词义猜测题

3.0 envi 2025-03-11 14 4 319.54KB 22 页 3知币
侵权投诉
阅读技巧--细节理解题、词义猜测题
一、细节理解题
(一)细节理解类题目常见的设问方式
1.Which of the following is true/false/mentioned?
2.What does the writer pay the least attention to?
3.Choose the right order of the events given in the passage.
4.All of the following statements may be true /false except...
5.Which of the following is not the result of...?
6.Which of the following best characterizes the main feature of...?
(二)快速辨认和记忆事实的细节
1.查读法
查读是在读者对材料有所了解的情况下进行的。查读的特点是带着问题寻找答案。
(1)用略读的方法通读阅读材料,对原文有一个大概的了解,掌握其主旨。
(2)按文章的体裁,如按记叙文、说明文和议论文等及作者写作的组织模式及有关的信息词 ,如for
example,first,second 等预测应该到何处寻找自己所需要的事实。
(3)把主要精力放在寻找你所需要的细节上。快速通篇跳读,眼睛自左至右,自上而下呈 Z形扫视,直至找
到你所需要的部分。待找到你所需要的部分时,可放慢速度,细读要查找的内容。
2.按段落组织模式阅读
如:时间型段落
作者在记叙或说明历史人物或事件时,往往按时间先后的顺序组织细节。这种按时间顺序组织细节的段
落模式叫做时间型段落。
时间型段落都有明显的信号词。如 first,then,afterwards,shortly after that,later,next,after,before,at last,finally
等。
略读时,通过上述信息确定是否为“时间型”段落,然后按时间信息词的先后顺序进行查阅,寻找有关的细
节。这种按时间模式阅读的方法,有助于读者快速寻找细节,记住细节。
2020 陕西中考
People use languages to communicate. Any language has its ways to express people’s minds. One of the ways
in common is the use of idioms. An idiom is a group of words. It has a special meaning that is different from the
usual meaning. For example, under the weather is an idiom meaning ill. So when people say “I’m under the
weather," they are saying that they’re not feeling well. Another example, in all weathers means in all kinds of
1
weather. So, “There are homeless people sleeping on the streets in all weathers" tells us that homeless people sleep
on the streets no matter whether it is cold or hot.
Different languages may have different ways to make idioms. For people who are learning a foreign language,
idioms could cause misunderstandings and bring them endless headaches. On the other hand, if things are done
right, idioms can also be a fun way of looking into a new culture and understanding how the people think and talk.
Metaphor (比喻) is often used in idioms. Let’s read the following two examples:
● It makes my blood boil (煮沸) when people litter.
● The night was dark and quiet; my blood ran cold when I heard a strange noise outside at dark night.
In neither situation above, our blood can reach the point so high or so low in temperature. Yet, with the
situations the two sentences created, it is not difficult to work out the unhappy feelings of really angry in the first
example and very afraid in the second.
Of course, not all idioms are this easy to understand. When we come to idioms of a foreign language, a good
dictionary of idioms is always suggested.
24. This passage tells us something about __________ in the English language.
A. grammar B. writing C. reading D. idioms
25. If your brother breaks your computer, you can say to him, “__________.”
A. I’m under the weather B. I’m there in all weathers
C. You’ve made my blood boil D. My blood runs cold
26. What is the writer’s advice when you come to an expression like under the weather?
A. We should look it up in a good idiom dictionary.
B. We should try to express our minds with it.
C. We should find an interesting way to learn it.
D.We should create situations to guess its meaning.
词义猜测题
词义猜测是一项很基本也很重要的阅读技巧。我们在阅读中经常会遇到生词,但不需要每个都猜,我们
只需要去猜测那些能够帮助我们正确理解文章的关键词汇的词义。一般我们可以根据上下文中出现的定义、
解释、举例、同义词、反义词以及其他内在逻辑关系来猜测词义。另外 ,构词法和生活经验与常识也能帮上
大忙。
解题时常用的方法有:
1.利用构词法的基本知识破解词汇。这要求考生了解英语词汇中常用的前缀、后缀和词根的含义及功
能,准确地推测出它们相互组合形成的整体词义。
2
(1)转化:指词的形式不变而词性发生变化的一种构词法。如:nurse n.护士→v.护理;free adj.空闲的→v.释
放。一般说来,转化后的词义与转化前的词义大致相符。
(2)合成:指由两个或两个以上的具有独立含义的单词组合成一个新的单词。主要有合成动词、合成形
容词、合成名词等。
(3)派生:指由一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成一个新的单词。
2.猜测词义时更多用到的方法是:结合上下文的意义、线索、内在逻辑关系进行猜测。判断所猜词时 ,可
根据上下文的意义、句法结构以及文章的内在逻辑去猜词义。一般情况 ,上下文所提示的意义与所考词汇通
常是同义、反义或针对性解释的关系,可直接确定词义。根据上下文意义很难判断出来的,就考虑用句法和
内在逻辑关系去判断,符合句法和内在逻辑的可能为正确答案,反之则排除。
3.代入法。代入法是指把四个选项分别代入所猜词处,结合语义、句法、内在逻辑进行综合判断。
4.考查指代关系的题通常是就近指代,解这类题时,一要分析代词的性质:指人还是物、单数还是复数、
主格还是宾格等;二是结合逻辑和上下文意义去考虑,正确的选项在逻辑和意义上应该是无误的。
2020 陕西中考
New Zealand offers free school lunches to thousands of kids
WELLINGTON, Feb. 20 ( Xinhua) – “Thousands of children have begun receiving a free lunch on schooldays
under the government’s free and healthy school lunch program,” Prime Minister (首相) Jacinda Ardern said on
Thursday.
“The program is for 7 ,000 students at 31 schools right now. The number will extend to 21,000 students in 120
schools by the start of 2021 ,”Ardern said while she was serving up lunch at a school in Hawke’s Bay.
“A full stomach makes all the difference to a child’s learning,” Ardern said.
“Providing a free and healthy lunch at school is one way to help New Zealand become the best place in the
world for school children. And people can see that difference right away,” she said. She added that providing these
lunches was also a great way for local families to have jobs.
“The program is one of 75 plans from New Zealand’s CYWS ( Child and Youth Wellbeing Strategy). It started
last year and developed with the money from 10,000 New Zealanders including 6,000 young people,” said
Education Minister Chris Hipkins.
27. What kind of writing is it?
A. Story. B. News. C. Email. D. Invitation.
28. The underlined word “extend” here means “__________”.
A. increase B. double C. remain D. fall
29. From the second paragraph, we know that Ardern was __________ when she explained the program.
3

标签： #英语真题

《中考英语真题分类精解与解题技巧（陕西专用）》专题4.阅读技巧--细节理解题、词义猜测题.doc

共22页,预览5页

还剩页未读， 继续阅读

相关推荐

更多
立即下载
作者：envi 分类：高中 价格：3知币 属性：22 页 大小：319.54KB 格式：DOC 时间：2025-03-11

开通VIP享超值会员特权

  • 多端同步记录
  • 高速下载文档
  • 免费文档工具
  • 分享文档赚钱
  • 每日登录抽奖
  • 优质衍生服务

作者详情

相关内容

更多

推荐作者

热门标签

大联考 高考地理 英语真题 听力 语法填空 石家庄 数学竞赛 读后续写 英语阅读 深圳中学
/ 22
评分 收藏
分享
立即下载
客服
关注