《中考英语真题分类精解与解题技巧（安徽专用）》专题5.阅读技巧--细节理解题、词义猜测题

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阅读技巧--细节理解题、词义猜测题

一、细节理解题

　　1.题型特点

这类题在阅读理解中所占比例较大。它常常针对文章中的事实和细节进行提问 ,用

when,where,why,how,who,which,what 等进行提问,目的在于测试学生对说明文章中心思想的支撑事实和细节

的理解能力。

2.细节理解题主要的设问方式

①Which of the following is true/not true?

②Which of the following is mentioned/not mentioned in the passage?

③Choose the right order of the events given in the passage.

④Which of the following best describes...?

⑤Which of the following shows/gives the right relationship/position of...?

⑥When/Where/Why/Who/What/How...?

3.细节理解题的解题技巧

所谓“事实细节”,是指在阅读理解的短文中客观存在的事实。细节理解题的答案一般都可以在原文中找

到。一般来说,应在短文中找出相关信息的位置,确定试题测试的考点。当然,有的试题还得对原文所提供的

事实进行一定的分析比较,才能做出正确的选择。

(1)查读法(scanning)

查读是在读者对材料有所了解的情况下进行的。查读的特点是带着问题寻找答案。

① 用略读的方法通读阅读材料,对原文有一个大概的了解,掌握其主旨。

② 按文章的体裁,如按记叙文、说明文和议论文等及作者写作的组织模式及有关的信息词 ,如for

example,first,second 等预测应该到何处寻找自己所需要的事实。

③ 把主要精力放在寻找你所需要的细节上。快速通篇跳读,眼睛自左至右,自上而下呈 Z形扫视,直至找

到你所需要的部分。待找到你所需要的部分时,可放慢速度,细读要查找的内容。

(2)原文定位法

根据题干中的关键词,找准相关句、段的内容,再仔细对照,不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除,反之,则是

正确选项。

① 是非判断题。这类题的选项有两种形式:四项中有三对一错或三错一对。四项内容通常是对同一问

题进行判断或对不同问题进行判断。不管什么形式、什么内容,通常都用原文定位法,把选项内容与原文内

容进行对比分析,判断是否符合相关句的意义或在原文中提到过,然后进行排除解答。

② 关于对年代和数字的考查通常分两类:直接考查和计算考查。对前者,根据文中信息能很容易地确定

答案;对后者,首先要弄清题干问的是什么,然后找到与它相关的年代和数字,对它们进一步分析、整合,最后,

结合题干计算出正确答案。

③ 对于最后一种常见题型,有两种考查形式:考查直接信息和对直接信息的理解。对直接信息的考查只

需找到原文信息就能解决问题。后者则需对原文相关信息做正确理解,这个理解可能牵扯到对某一句话或某

些句子的理解,考生在理解其意义时,一定要捕捉到关键性的词。对这类题要认真、周全地考虑方能选取正

确答案。这种题的正确选项往往是原文意义的不同表现形式。

(3)首尾定位法

做排序题可采用“首尾定位法”。即先找出最先发生的事和最后发生的事,迅速缩小选择范围,从而快速选

出正确答案。

(4)排除法

利用排除法时,考生要注意的是有时在两个难以抉择的选项之间一定要通过文章的整体意思来作出判断。

(5)按“文”索“图”法

做选图题时,可采用按“文”索“图”法。即从文中找出描绘图形的句段,按“文”索“图”。

一

2020 安徽中考

What Will You Do with A Dollar？

■ I will hide the dollar in the most beautiful place that I can find, and then create a map to the dollar. I hope

someone will discover this map years later and have a magic travel to go on.

Philip Stockton

■ I will buy a cup of coffee for the most successful person in New York and ask for his/her secret of success

Patrick Martine

■ A single dollar gets me almost nothing, so I will get my friends together and ask each of them to give a

dollar. We will give an open-air concert in our town. I hope the show can brighten the day of the town.

David Andrew

■ In my travels, I find people need clean drinking water most. I once saw in Africa 40 to 50 people travel 25

miles for water. So I will use the dollar to provide free drinking water for people in need.

Ben Harrison

36. What will Patrick Martine do with a dollar?

A. To create a tourist map. B. To go on a magic trip.

C. To ask for the secret of success. D. To give an open-air concert.

37. Who wants to help people in need of free drinking water?

A. Philip Stockton. B. Patrick Martine.

C. David Andrew. D. Ben Harrison

38. Where does the text probably come from?

A. A film magazine. B. A science report.

C. A website. D. A travel guide.

二

2020 安徽中考

Darrius was born with three fingers on his right hand and one on his left hand. He had to work hard to do

things that were easy for others. Every time his classmates tried to help, he would say, “Thanks, but I can do it

myself.” He learned to use the four fingers to do different things.

When Darrius was 10, he told his father that he liked piano(钢琴) music very much. “It's too bad you can't

play,” his father said. But the boy took that as a challenge(挑战).“I will show people that I can,” he said to himself.

Months later, a neighbour gave him an old piano when she moved away. He taught himself to play the piano

and practised for hours a day.

Darrius's favourite piano music is River Flows in You by Yiruma, a Korean musician. It took Darrius a year to

learn it. “I have to come up with my own way with only 4 fingers,” he said. When he succeeded, he felt so proud.

Later he was lucky enough to play the music together with Yiruma at a famous concert hall! Yiruma encouraged

Darrius to follow his dream of playing his own music. Darrius has made it. And his music is popular today.

“I may have a disability,” he says, “ but I don’t let it hold me back from anything.”

39. What did Darrius take as a challenge at the age of 10?

A. Writing his music. B. Playing the piano. C. Giving a concert. D. Visiting a hall.

40. How long did it take Darrius to learn to play River Flows in You?

A. A year. B. A month. C. A day. D. An hour.

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