《中考英语真题分类精解与解题技巧(安徽专用)》专题4.阅读技巧--主旨大意题、推理判断题

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阅读技巧--主旨大意题、推理判断题
推理判断题
  1.题型特点
推理判断题主要考查学生对文章言外之意的理解。这种题目有一定难度 ,往往不能直接从文中找到答案,
而必须根据上下文及其相互间的关系或对整篇文章进行深层理解后,才能找到答案。有时甚至还得联系作者
的意图、态度等弦外之音、文外之意加以推理,获取作者在文章中没有直接表述出来的态度、观点等。这种
类型的题主要有三种形式:语义推理题、结论推理题和出处推理题。语义推理题要求学生根据文章、段落或
句子的表层信息推断出深层含义,比如推断文章或段落的中心思想、句子的言外之意等;结论推理题和出处
推理题要求学生根据文章中所列举的事实推断出符合逻辑的结论或文章的出处。
2.推理判断题主要的设问方式
It can be inferred/concluded/seen from the passage that...
Which of the following conclusions can be drawn according to the passage?
The writer suggests that...
The writer uses the example of...to show that...
What’s the writer’s attitude toward...?
What’s the writer’s purpose of writing the passage?
From the passage,we know...
The writer probably agrees that...
3.推理判断题的解题技巧
中考的阅读理解不仅要求考生读懂短文中的每个句子,而且还要求能理解句子之间的内在联系。有的试
题要求根据中学生必须具有的常识,对所读的短文进行一定程度的推断;有的试题还要求了解其内在的逻辑
关系,从而对所读的内容形成较深层的理解。一般来说,这类问题都不可能直接从原文中找到答案,须根据
原文提供的有关信息,进行合理的推断才能回答。完成推理判断题,通常应注意以下两点:
(1)特别留心特定细节
所谓特定细”,就是问题所涉及的范围和对象中的细节事实,一般包括事实根据、名字(人物或地点)
数字(日期或统计数字)、关键词语的其他表达方法(同义词、近义词、反义词)等。
(2)注意作者的语气和态度
作者的语气和态度通常体现在短文所使用的措辞和句式上。要特别注意感情色彩比较浓重的形容词和
副词,特别留心短文句子的长度和结构。从措辞上我们可以推断出作者对所讨论话题的态度;从句式的长短
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和结构可以判断出作者讨论问题的语气。
2020 安徽中考
The local people of La Gomera can carry on conversations by whistling(吹口哨) from far away. For face-to-
face conversations, they speak Spanish. But when they need to speak over a distance(距离), they whistle.
La Gomera is a small island. This island is almost shaped like a circle. It is very mountainous. Walking from
one place to another may be a slow and difficult job. That is why whistling is so useful to the local people. A
message can easily be whistled over a couple of miles, while to travel that same distance on foot might take an
hour.
A good whistler can be heard and understood five miles away. His whistling can be farther away when it is
windless. It is said that the record is about nine miles. Anyone who has heard a top whistler will agree that this
record is quite possible.
A whistle travels farther than a shout, and is easier to understand. When a person shouts, he cannot pronounce
his words well. But if a whistle is heard, it will be heard clearly.
Whistling is popular at La Gomera, and many methods of whistling are used …
49. How do people of La Gomera speak over a distance?
A. By shouting. B. By whistling. C. By travelling. D. By recording.
50. What can we know about La Gomera from Paragraph 2?
A. It is very mountainous. B. It lies between two circles.
C. It is easy to travel there. D. It is hard to find a job there.
51. What helps a whistle travel farther?
A. A windless day. B. A long distance.
C. A useful message. D. A clear pronunciation.
52. What will the writer talk about in the last paragraph?
A. Disadvantages of whistling. B. Stories of a top whistler.
C. Different methods of whistling. D. Examples of good whistlers.
主旨大意题
  1.题型特点
要求在阅读和理解全文的基础上对文章进行归纳、概括或评价。解答这种题型时 ,不能只凭文中的只言
片语而断章取义,比如涉及文章的标题(title)、主题(main idea)、结论(conclusion)、结局(end)等有关问题,都需
要在细读全文的基础上,结合所学语言知识、背景知识、生活常识等进行逻辑推理和判断,从而挖掘出文章
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中隐含的信息。
2.主旨大意题主要的设问方式
What’s the main idea of this passage?
What is the passage mainly about?
What does the passage mainly discuss?
The writer means to tell us that   .
The main idea of the passage is that   .
The passage is mainly about   .
From the passage we can learn/conclude that   .
The last paragraph is chiefly concerned with   .
What’s the best title for the passage?
What would be the best title for the passage?
The best title for the passage is   .
3.主旨大意题的解题技巧
(1)留心关键词,抓住文章主旨;串联主要细节,推断文章中心思想。所谓关键词,即文章中反出现的、
主题有关的实词,如名词、词等。词等不在关键词之列。需要注意的是,避免同一词
过多,文章有使用这个词的同义词、近义词,或用。我们知,不是所有文章都包含
的主题句,比如大文。记叙文的中心思想在具体的细节中,作者通过众多的细节事实对一
个中心点进行论述。因此,我们必须善于串联主要细节,从中归纳文章的中心思想。
(2)注意段落主题句,归纳文章大意。
段落的主题通常由被称为主题句(Topic Sentence)的句子来表。主题句有两个:介绍段落的主题
(Topic);控制(Controlling Idea),控制用以控制段落中句子讨论的内容。
主题句通常是一段的一句或末尾一句,偶尔在一段中间。我们在阅读非故(科普文章)的时
,主题句尤为明显。有的文章无明显的主题句,主题句隐含在段意之中。
① 主题句位于
主题句位于作者先立,事实讲道理的法形成的。这种段落演绎型段落。据有
关统计数字表,论文或说文中,60%~90%的主题句是段落的一句。
a.找主题句
,出细节的信息词,的信息词有:for example,an example of,the most important
example,first,second,next,then,last,finally,to begin with,also,besides that 等。
在阅读中,量利上述信息定主题句的。从段落中for example 可以断定,一句话是主
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《中考英语真题分类精解与解题技巧(安徽专用)》专题4.阅读技巧--主旨大意题、推理判断题.doc

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