《高考英语真题》专题04 阅读理解-科普阅读（调查报告）-2021年高考真题及模拟题分类调研（学生版）

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专题 04 阅读理解-科普阅读（调查报告）

2021 年高考真题及模拟题分类调研

科普文章或调查报告是高考中常考的文章类型，一般都放在阅读最后一篇。关注科技发展是培养学生科学

意识和科学精神的一部分。

2021 高考真题

D【2021·英语全国甲卷】

Who is a genius? This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.

Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want

to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more

intelligent or creative than the rest of us? And who are they?

In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this

is not a surprise. It's said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to

the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different

color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.

A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that

members of their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief:

Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet

afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesn't take a genius to know the answer:

absolutely not.

Here's the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes

of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素)like gender,

race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with

“intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.”

12．What does the author think of victors' standards for joining the genius club?

A．They're unfair. B．They're conservative.

C．They're objective. D．They're strict.

13．What can we infer about girls from the study in Science?

A．They think themselves smart.

B．They look up to great thinkers.

C．They see gender differences earlier than boys.

D．They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs

14．Why are more geniuses known to the public?

A．Improved global communication.

B．Less discrimination against women.

C．Acceptance of victors' concepts.

D．Changes in people's social positions.

15．What is the best title for the text?

A．Geniuses Think Alike B．Genius Takes Many Forms

C．Genius and Intelligence D．Genius and Luck

D【2021·全国高考乙卷】

During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often. Annoyed by

the level of distraction（干扰）in his open office, he said, “That’s why I have a membership at the co-working

space across the street — so I can focus”. His comment struck me as strange. After all, co-working spaces also

typically use an open office layout（布局）. But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach

works.

The researchers examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of creative thinking.

They were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background, from total

silence to 50 decibels（分贝）, 70 decibels, and 85 decibels. The differences between most of the groups were

statistically insignificant; however, the participants in the 70 decibels group — those exposed to a level of noise

similar to background chatter in a coffee shop — significantly outperformed the other groups. Since the effects

were small, this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in response to total silence and 85

decibels of background noise.

But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background

noise — not too loud and not total silence — may actually improve one’s creative thinking ability. The right level

of background noise may interrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander,

without making it impossible to focus. This kind of “distracted focus” appears to be the best state for working on

creative tasks.

So why do so many of us hate our open offices? The problem may be that, in our offices, we can’t stop

ourselves from getting drawn into others’ conversations while we’re trying to focus. Indeed, the researchers found

that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a co-working space or a coffee

shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.

32．Why does the interviewer prefer a co-working space?

A．It helps him concentrate. B．It blocks out background noise.

C．It has a pleasant atmosphere. D．It encourages face-to-face interactions.

33．Which level of background noise may promote creative thinking ability?

A．Total silence. B．50 decibels C．70 decibels. D．8 5 decibels.

34．What makes an open office unwelcome to many people?

A．Personal privacy unprotected. B．Limited working space.

C．Restrictions on group discussion. D．Constant interruptions.

35．What can we infer about the author from the text?

A．He’s a news reporter.

B．He’s an office manager.

C．He’s a professional designer.

D．He’s a published writer.

D【2021·全国新高考 I卷】

Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional (情感的) intellingence. Many

people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person's makeup that cannot

be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.”

Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far

beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.

We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad

purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to

help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not

necessarily make one a moral person.

Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably

support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this

popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, educators and others

interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public

and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.

Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will

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《高考英语真题》专题04 阅读理解-科普阅读（调查报告）-2021年高考真题及模拟题分类调研（学生版）.doc

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