《高考英语真题》专题04 阅读理解-科普阅读（调查报告）-2021年高考真题及模拟题分类调研（教师版）

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专题 04 阅读理解-科普阅读（调查报告）

2021 年高考真题及模拟题分类调研

科普文章或调查报告是高考中常考的文章类型，一般都放在阅读最后一篇。关注科技发展是培养学生科学

意识和科学精神的一部分。

2021 高考真题

D【2021·英语全国甲卷】

Who is a genius? This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.

Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want

to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more

intelligent or creative than the rest of us? And who are they?

In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this

is not a surprise. It's said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to

the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different

color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.

A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that

members of their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief:

Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet

afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesn't take a genius to know the answer:

absolutely not.

Here's the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes

of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素)like gender,

race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with

“intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.”

12．What does the author think of victors' standards for joining the genius club?

A．They're unfair. B．They're conservative.

C．They're objective. D．They're strict.

13．What can we infer about girls from the study in Science?

A．They think themselves smart.

B．They look up to great thinkers.

C．They see gender differences earlier than boys.

D．They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs

14．Why are more geniuses known to the public?

A．Improved global communication.

B．Less discrimination against women.

C．Acceptance of victors' concepts.

D．Changes in people's social positions.

15．What is the best title for the text?

A．Geniuses Think Alike B．Genius Takes Many Forms

C．Genius and Intelligence D．Genius and Luck

【答案】12．A13．D14．A15．B

【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章由问题“谁是天才？”引入，论述了世人对天才的狭隘定义，提出事实上

“天才”有很多种形式，不要让思维限制了我们的“天才”能力。

12．推理判断题。根据第三段的“It is said that history is written by victors, and those victors set the standards

for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club-women, or people of

a different color or belief-they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.( 据说历史是由胜利者书写的，而那

些胜利者为进入天才俱乐部设定了标准。当俱乐部以外的天才——女性或不同肤色或信仰的人——做出贡

献时，他们不会被承认并且被其他人拒绝)”可推知，作者认为那些“胜利者”对进入“天才俱乐部”设置

的标准是不公平的，因为女性或者不同肤色或信仰的人做出的成就是得不到承认的。故选 A。

13．推理判断题。根据第四段的“Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief. Around age six they

start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.”(更糟糕的是，研究发现女孩们是按

照这个信念行事的。六岁左右，她们开始避免那些据说是“非常非常聪明”的孩子参加的活动)”可推知，

女孩容易受到社会信仰的影响，认为自己在六岁左右就不适合做“聪明孩子”做的事情。故选 D。

14．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“In a wired world with constant global communication, we’re all positioned

to see flashes of genius wherever they appear.( 在一个全球通讯不断的有线世界里，我们随时随地都能看到天

才的闪现)”可知，进步的全球通讯让更多的天才被公众所知道。故选 A。

15．主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，结合文章第一段提出问题“ Who is a genius?（谁是天才）”和最

后一段的 “ As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance, and

simple geniuses, who are able to change the world.”(正如一位作家所说，未来的天才来自那些具有“智慧、创

造力、毅力和那些能够改变世界的简单天才。”)”可知，天才不一定是那些有巨大贡献的人，他们也可以

是某一方面比较突出的普通人。由此可知 B项“天才有多种形式”可以作为本文最佳标题。故选 B。

D【2021·全国高考乙卷】

During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often. Annoyed by

the level of distraction（干扰）in his open office, he said, “That’s why I have a membership at the co-working

space across the street — so I can focus”. His comment struck me as strange. After all, co-working spaces also

typically use an open office layout（布局）. But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach

works.

The researchers examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of creative thinking.

They were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background, from total

silence to 50 decibels（分贝）, 70 decibels, and 85 decibels. The differences between most of the groups were

statistically insignificant; however, the participants in the 70 decibels group — those exposed to a level of noise

similar to background chatter in a coffee shop — significantly outperformed the other groups. Since the effects

were small, this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in response to total silence and 85

decibels of background noise.

But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background

noise — not too loud and not total silence — may actually improve one’s creative thinking ability. The right level

of background noise may interrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander,

without making it impossible to focus. This kind of “distracted focus” appears to be the best state for working on

creative tasks.

So why do so many of us hate our open offices? The problem may be that, in our offices, we can’t stop

ourselves from getting drawn into others’ conversations while we’re trying to focus. Indeed, the researchers found

that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a co-working space or a coffee

shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.

32．Why does the interviewer prefer a co-working space?

A．It helps him concentrate. B．It blocks out background noise.

C．It has a pleasant atmosphere. D．It encourages face-to-face interactions.

33．Which level of background noise may promote creative thinking ability?

A．Total silence. B．50 decibels C．70 decibels. D．8 5 decibels.

34．What makes an open office unwelcome to many people?

A．Personal privacy unprotected. B．Limited working space.

C．Restrictions on group discussion. D．Constant interruptions.

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