专题01 阅读理解之说明文-十年（2012-2021）高考英语真题分项详解（全国通用）解析版

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专题 01 阅读理解之说明文

【2021 年】

1.（2021 年新高考 I卷）C

When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an

astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely.

Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of

these resources. Millions of waterfowl ( 水禽 ) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly

ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations,

greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.

In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation

took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory ( 迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival.

Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck

Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des

Moines, lowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of

Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.

About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to

purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures

this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars

has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp

Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.

28. What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America?

A. Loss of wetlands. B. Popularity of water sports.

C. Pollution of rivers. D. Arrival of other wild animals.

29. What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?

A. Acquire. B. Export.

C. Destroy. D. Distribute.

30. What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934?

A. The stamp price has gone down. B. The migratory birds have flown away.

C. The hunters have stopped hunting. D. The government has collected money.

31. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?

A. The Federal Duck Stamp Story B. The National Wildlife Refuge System

C. The Benefits of Saving Waterfowl D. The History of Migratory Bird Hunting

【答案】28. A 29. C 30. D 31. A

【解析】本文是一篇说明文。本文讲述了美国鸭票的故事，由于美国移民的大量流入，对于农地和住

房的急需大量的水禽栖息地被破坏导致美国水禽骤减，因此美国发行了鸭票，狩猎者只有购买了鸭票才能

狩猎，而鸭票的部分收入进入到了用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而保护了水禽。

【28 题】细节理解题。根据第一段“Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-

increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.”可知，上百万公顷的湿地被抽干用作农地或者修建

住房，极大地减少了水禽的栖息地，故可知，栖息地的减少导致了水禽数量的下降，故选 A。

【29 题】词义猜测题。根据前一句“Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources

wisely.”可知，北美的土著人把这些珍贵的自然资源保护的很合理，本句中的“Unfortunately”可知，本句与

上一句形成了转折，前一句陈述北美土著人做的好的地方，故可知，本句阐述移民者做的不好的地方，即

移民者破坏了这些自然资源，故画线词意思是“破坏”。A. Acquire 获得；B. Export 出口；C. Destroy 破

坏；D. Distribute 分配。故选 C。

【30 题】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund

to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat.”可知，自 1934 年起，超过 5亿美元进入到了这个基金会，购

买了超过 500 万公顷的水禽栖息地，故可以推出，通过发行鸭票，美国政府获得了大量的资金，故选 D。

【31 题】主旨大意题。根据全文可知，由于之前不恰当的发展导致美国水禽骤减，因此美国发行了鸭

票，狩猎者只有购买了鸭票才能狩猎，而鸭票的部分收入进入到了用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而保护

了水禽，故可知，本文讲述美国鸭票的故事，故选 A。

2.（2021 年新高考 I卷）D

Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional ( 情感的) intellingence. Many

people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person's makeup that cannot

be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people

skills.” Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move

far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.

We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad

purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to

help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not

necessarily make one a moral person.

Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably

support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this

popularization is a new and much needed emphasis ( 重视 ) on emotion by employers, educators and others

interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public

and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.

Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will

excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades,

advances in science will offer new perspectives ( 视角 ) from which to study how people manage their lives.

Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.

32. What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence?

A. It can be measured by an IQ test. B. It helps to exercise a person’s mind.

C. It includes a set of emotional skills. D. It refers to a person’s positive qualities.

33. Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater” in paragraph 2?

A. To explain a rule. B. To clarify a concept.

C. To present a fact. D. To make a prediction.

34. What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence?

A. Favorable. B. Intolerant.

C. Doubtful. D. Unclear.

35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence?

A. Its appeal to the public. B. Expectations for future studies.

C. Its practical application. D. Scientists with new perspectives.

【答案】32. D 33. B 34. A 35. B

【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了情商的定义以及对有关于情商未来研究的期望。

【32 题】细节理解题。通过文章第一段“Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some

of these qualities (研究表明，情商技巧可能有助于这些品质的形成)”可知，情商指的并不是一个人的积极品

质。故选 D项。

【33 题】推理判断题。通过文章第二段“The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may

be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims.

(医生可能利用这种准确理解他人感受的能力来找到最好的帮助病人的方法，而骗子可能利用这种能力来控

制潜在的受害者)”可推知，作者在文章第二段中提到“医生”和“骗子”是举例子来阐明下文的观点——

情商高并不一定能使一个人成为有道德的人。故选 B项。

【34 题】推理判断题。通过文章第三段“the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial

than harmful. …The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers (宣传的总

体效果一直是利大于弊。这种普及最积极的方面是雇主、教育者和其他对促进社会福利感兴趣的人对情感

进行了新的、迫切需要的强调。情商的普及帮助了公众和研究人员)”可推知，作者认为情商普及是对人们

有利的。故选 A项。

【35 题】推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the

scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new

perspectives from which to study how people manage their lives. (我们希望这种关注将激发人们对情感科学和

学术研究的更大兴趣。我们希望在未来的几十年里，科学的进步将为研究人们如何管理自己的生活提供新

的视角)”可推知，本段主要谈了对未来关于情商研究的期望。故选 B项。

3.（2021 年全国甲卷）B

Port Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding ( 繁育 ) programme, has welcomed the arrival of a rare black

rhino calf (犀牛幼崽). When the tiny creature arrived on January 31, she became the 40th black rhino to be born at

the reserve. And officials at Port Lympne were delighted with the new arrival, especially as black rhinos are known

for being difficult to breed in captivity (圈养).

Paul Beer, head of rhino section at Port Lympne, said: “Obviously we're all absolutely delighted to welcome

another calf to our black rhino family. She's healthy, strong and already eager to play and explore. Her mother,

Solio, is a first-time mum and she is doing a fantastic job. It's still a little too cold for them to go out into the open,

but as soon as the weather warms up, I have no doubt that the little one will be out and about exploring and playing

every day.”

The adorable female calf is the second black rhino born this year at the reserve, but it is too early to tell if the

calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild. The first rhino to be born at Port

Lympne arrived on January 5 to first-time mother Kisima and weighed about 32kg. His mother, grandmother and

great grandmother were all born at the reserve and still live there.

According to the World Wildlife Fund, the global black rhino population has dropped as low as 5500, giving

the rhinos a “critically endangered” status.

4. Which of the following best describes the breeding programme?

A. Costly. B. Controversial. C. Ambitious. D. Successful.

5. What does Paul Beer say about the new-born rhino?

A. She loves staying with her mother. B. She dislikes outdoor activities.

C. She is in good condition D. She is sensitive to heat.

6. What similar experience do Solio and Kisima have?

A. They had their first born in January. B. They enjoyed exploring new places

C. They lived with their grandmothers. D. They were brought to the reserve young

7. What can be inferred about Porn Lympne Reserve?

A. The rhino section will be open to the public.

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