第三章第10讲-短文首字母填空（二）-学案

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课程主题：短文首字母填空（二）

学习目标掌握首字母填空的解题思路和技巧；

教学内容

【进门测试】

People eat different dishes during the traditional festival, the Spring Festival. Some of them have special

meanings and s 66 for good luck.

In China, fish s 67 like “yu (means something left) in Chinese”. It is necessary because people think if they

have managed to save something at the end of the year, then they can make more in the next year. The head shouldn’t

be moved. The two people who face the head and the tail should drink together, as this is c 68 to have a lucky

meaning.

A 69 traditional dish is Chinese Dumplings which mean w 70 . They are classical Chinese food with a h 71

of more 1,800 years. And they are also a traditional dish eaten on Chinese New Year’s Eve, widely p 72 in China,

especially in North China. They are made to look like Chinese silver ingots( 元宝 ). Legend has it that the more

dumplings you eat during the New Year celebrations, the more money you can make in the New Year.

Next is Glutinous Rice Cake(年糕), which means “getting higher and higher next year”. Students can make great

p 73 in the study and workers can get a higher income or position t 74 before. Oranges are regarded as lucky fruit

during the Chinese New Year period. Eating oranges can make you succeed and b 75 you good luck. It’s interesting

and meaningful to know something about the food eaten during the Spring Festival, isn’t it?

【多元导学】

结合下图，请你为提升短文首字母填空的解题能力出谋划策！

【互动精讲】

【知识梳理 1】概况简述

考查考生对语言的综合运用能力。既考查考生对语法、词汇、句型、搭配等基础知识的综合运用能力，

也考查了考生对文章的阅读理解能力。着重考查学生在具体的语境中运用语言知识，根据文章内容进行合理

的逻辑推断的能力。所考查的词性依然以名词、形容词副词、动词等实词为主。

【知识梳理 2】考查范围和中考趋势

从近几年的考题来看，短文填空题所考查的单词涉及的词性范围较广，文中所涉及的语言知识面较宽，

学生需运用已学过的词法、句法及常用词组、短语、惯用法等知识进行具体分析后再答题，有一定的难度。

文章短小、精悍，字数通常在 100～150 之间。短文的体裁不一，有记叙文、说明文、议论文等。短文题材

丰富，内容通俗易懂，与现代生活紧密相关，可读性、趣味性强，符合初中生的认知特点。

【知识梳理 4】解题技巧

1. 通读短文全文，抓住高频词，把握大意

短文中虽有一些词未知，但不影响对文章主要内容的理解。在初步阅读中，可以跳过空格，尽量捕捉文章所

提供的内容信息，以及语法结构方面的提示，有助于下一步的分析与判断。因此，我们在做题时，一定要

先掌握文章的中心大意。从中获取文章的基本结构、体裁、主题及所使用的时态等相关信息。为正确而高效

答题提供坚实的基础与保障。

2. 确定词性，缩小选词范围

通读全文、掌握大意后，瞻前顾后，结合空格前后的内容，从语法、句法及固定搭配等方面，确定空格所填

词性。从文意中找出句与文、句与句、词与句、词与词之间的关系，尤其是一些不易察觉的、隐含的微妙关

系，用已知信息去获取未知信息，以便初步确定词性。

3. 仔细推敲，判断题目类型并选出正确词汇

词性判断正确，大大缩小选词范围，重要的一步是分析题目类型。所谓题目类型指的是题目的考察能力及内

容。

1）语法题:考查学生的语法技能；

Many times, Peters and others w worked in and near Park Plaza often saw squirrels run over.

2）逻辑题:考查学生的逻辑推理及理解能力；

A _______ the movie and Mickey’s acting were wonderful, Mickey’s greatest movie-making days were over.

3）上下文语意题:根据上下文语意和语境判定所填词汇；

The movie was called Plane Crazy, but it was a s _________ movie. Later the same year, another movie called

Steamboat Willie was also made. It was Mickey’s first “talking” movie and was a rapid success.

4）常识题: 根据基本常识判断所填词汇；

A _________ city in southern India, Bangalore, also tried to promote(促进) safe driving on its roads last year.

5）固定搭配题: 根据固定搭配和短语判断词汇；

A senior police officer said he hoped spending a day or two in jail would make parents to think t ________ before

letting children use their vehicles.

4. 确定词汇的正确形式

词选对了，并不代表正确答案，而要再次确定是否是填写的正确形式。

如果是名词，应注意其数的变化及所有格的变化；

如果是动词，需注意根据其在句中的语法功能确定其正确的时态、语态及非谓语动词形式；

如果是形容词、副词，要注意其级的变化；

如果是代词，要注意其主格与宾格、形容词性与名词性物主代词、反身代词等的变化；

如果是连词，要注意其在并列句、状语从句、宾语从句中的用法等。

5．复读全文，全面检查

答题完毕后复读全文，进行核查是必不可少的。做完题后，一定要认真检查，尽量减少粗心所致的笔误或拼

写错误，对有疑问的地方，更要根据文章的内容、上下文的语法结构、逻辑发展进行反复斟酌，这样才能尽

量避免失分。填完所有单词后，不可孤立地逐个词检查，而应复读全文，仔细检查自己所填的词是否符合文

章的情景内容，读起来是否顺畅，是否合乎句法，单词拼写是否有误，单词形式是否正确等，发现问题及时

更正。

【知识梳理 5】典例解析

1. 依据习惯用法与固定搭配，填出简单项

例1：

In this w ______ , there is every chance that he is a________ to widen his horizon (眼界) and broaden his mind.

例2：

Moreover, they don’t know the customs(风俗) of local people very w_________ , and they may have trouble dealing

with some situations.

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