专题5.阅读技巧--主旨大意题、推理判断题中考英语真题分类精解与解题技巧（山东专用）

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阅读技巧--主旨大意题、推理判断题

推理判断题

　　1.题型特点

推理判断题主要考查学生对文章言外之意的理解。这种题目有一定难度 ,往往不能直接从文中找到答案,

而必须根据上下文及其相互间的关系或对整篇文章进行深层理解后,才能找到答案。有时甚至还得联系作者

的意图、态度等弦外之音、文外之意加以推理,获取作者在文章中没有直接表述出来的态度、观点等。这种

类型的题主要有三种形式:语义推理题、结论推理题和出处推理题。语义推理题要求学生根据文章、段落或

句子的表层信息推断出深层含义,比如推断文章或段落的中心思想、句子的言外之意等;结论推理题和出处

推理题要求学生根据文章中所列举的事实推断出符合逻辑的结论或文章的出处。

2.推理判断题主要的设问方式

①It can be inferred/concluded/seen from the passage that...

②Which of the following conclusions can be drawn according to the passage?

③The writer suggests that...

④The writer uses the example of...to show that...

⑤What’s the writer’s attitude toward...?

⑥What’s the writer’s purpose of writing the passage?

⑦From the passage,we know...

⑧The writer probably agrees that...

3.推理判断题的解题技巧

中考的阅读理解不仅要求考生读懂短文中的每个句子,而且还要求能理解句子之间的内在联系。有的试

题要求根据中学生必须具有的常识,对所读的短文进行一定程度的推断;有的试题还要求了解其内在的逻辑

关系,从而对所读的内容形成较深层的理解。一般来说,这类问题都不可能直接从原文中找到答案,必须根据

原文提供的有关信息,进行合理的推断才能回答。完成推理判断题,通常应注意以下两点:

(1)特别留心特定细节

所谓“特定细节”,就是问题所涉及的范围和对象中的细节事实,一般包括事实根据、名字(人物或地点)、

数字(日期或统计数字)、关键词语的其他表达方法(同义词、近义词、反义词)等。

(2)注意作者的语气和态度

作者的语气和态度通常体现在短文所使用的措辞和句式上。要特别注意感情色彩比较浓重的形容词和

副词,特别留心短文句子的长度和结构。从措辞上我们可以推断出作者对所讨论话题的态度;从句式的长短

和结构可以判断出作者讨论问题的语气。

2020 青岛中考

Part of Earth's beauty comes from its oceans. Ocean scientists study the chemical make-up of the ocean,

weather patterns, the geography of the ocean floor, and many other areas. Their work is exciting, although

sometimes dangerous. Using technology to do certain tasks helps. For example, robotic arms are used for very

dangerous tasks.

One basic part of ocean study is understanding waves and how they work. Wind is the great maker of waves.

The waves we know are mostly produced by winds blowing over the sea. They are directly connected with the wind

speed and the time that wind lasts.

Sometimes ocean life can be seen in the wave. Living things seem to be staying within the wave, moving

slowly inside it as if they were weightless. Besides the beauty of waves, scientists are interested in their technical

ways. The diagram of waves shows how scientists examine waves. Waves are measured (测量) from the top (crest)

to the bottom (trough). This allows scientists to find out the height of a wave. They also measure waves from crest

to crest to determine (测定) the length of a wave.

During serious storms, huge waves might cut a sea ship apart. Ships are at great risk of winding up as broken

pieces after being hit by the force of a huge wave. By understanding the ocean, scientists can prevent this breakup

of ships by predicting when the water will be too dangerous for people and their ships. The study of waves and the

ocean also allows scientists to make sure how certain beaches were formed. By studying the oceans, a great deal

can be learned about the surface we live on.

31. Why are robotic arms used? Because ________.

A. certain tasks are very dangerous B. the tasks are exciting

C. the oceans are beautiful D. there are many studying areas

32. What can we learn from the second paragraph?

A. Waves can make wind. B. Most waves are produced by winds.

C. Scientists make most waves. D. Waves have nothing to do with wind.

33. What is the meaning of "the length of a wave" according to paragraph 3?

A. The beauty of huge waves.

B. The technical way to study the sea.

C. The distance from crest to crest of a wave.

D. The distance from the top to the bottom of a wave.

34. Which of the following statements are right according to the passage?

①Scientists can decide the weather patterns.

②We can't find living things in the waves.

③By studying the ocean, scientists can prevent the breakup of ships.

④The study of waves helps scientists know how certain beaches were formed.

A. ①③ B. ②④ C. ③④ D. ②③

35. Where is the passage probably from?

A. A diary entry. B. A fairy tale. C. A travel guide. D. A science magazine.

主旨大意题

　　1.题型特点

要求在阅读和理解全文的基础上对文章进行归纳、概括或评价。解答这种题型时 ,不能只凭文中的只言

片语而断章取义,比如涉及文章的标题(title)、主题(main idea)、结论(conclusion)、结局(end)等有关问题,都需

要在细读全文的基础上,结合所学语言知识、背景知识、生活常识等进行逻辑推理和判断,从而挖掘出文章

中隐含的信息。

2.主旨大意题主要的设问方式

①What’s the main idea of this passage?

②What is the passage mainly about?

③What does the passage mainly discuss?

④The writer means to tell us that　　　.

⑤The main idea of the passage is that　　　.

⑥The passage is mainly about　　　.

⑦From the passage we can learn/conclude that　　　.

⑧The last paragraph is chiefly concerned with　　　.

⑨What’s the best title for the passage?

⑩What would be the best title for the passage?

The best title for the passage is　　　.

3.主旨大意题的解题技巧

(1)留心关键词,抓住文章主旨;串联主要细节,推断文章中心思想。所谓关键词,即文章中反复出现的、与

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