专题5.阅读技巧--细节理解题、词义猜测题 中考英语真题分类精解与解题技巧（云南专用）

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阅读技巧--细节理解题、词义猜测题
细节理解题
1.题型特点
这类题在阅读理解中所占比例较大。它常常针对文章中的事实和细节进行提问 ,即针对(w)h-问题,如用
when,where,why,how,who,which,what 等进行提问,目的在于测试学生对说明文章中心思想的支撑事实和细节
的理解能力。
2.细节理解题主要的设问方式
①Which of the following is true/not true?
②Which of the following is mentioned/not mentioned in the passage?
③Which of the following statements is true according to this passage?
④Which of the following best describes...?
⑤Which of the following shows/gives the right relationship /position of...?
⑥When/Where/Why/Who/What/How...?
3.细节理解题的解题技巧
所谓“事实细节”,是指在阅读理解的短文中客观存在的事实。细节理解题的答案一般都可以在原文中找
到。一般来说,应在短文中找出相关信息的位置,确定试题测试的考点。当然,有的试题还得对原文所提供的
事实进行一定的分析比较,才能做出正确的选择。
(1)搜寻直接答案的阅读技巧
先阅读所给的问题,判断其是否适合采用直接搜寻的阅读方法。如果所提问题是文章中出现的内容(即
直接性答案),就可直接搜寻答案。
(2)搜寻间接答案的阅读技巧
① 阅读文章所给的问题,判断哪些题目可以依靠通读来解决。比如概括文章主题,给无标题文章选标题,
指出作者的观点、意图等的题目就需要依靠通读来解决。
② 用较短的时间大体上浏览一下阅读材料,注意文章有可能涉及什么内容,属于什么体裁,以及文章安排
的大体轮廓等。
③ 从头到尾阅读一遍。一般来说,第一段或前几句包含作者的基本思想和下文的发展线索,它是全文展
开的基础,为下文发展搭建了理论框架。认真阅读第一段或文章的前几句,尽量抓住其中的主要情节和论点,
把握全文发展的脉络。
④ 有些细节题容易出错主要有几种情况:
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a.干扰项多。类似的内容多而杂,需要从中找出准确答案。例如:短文同时出现多个朋友,过去现在的十
几种爱好,细节题考某人过去的爱好,需要在多而杂的内容中,带上问题,逐一去寻找,比对,找到正确选项。
b.迷惑性强。例:文中出现总金牌数,问题问的是奥运金牌数,粗心的考生易错选总金牌数。这类题要看
清关键信息。
2020 昆明中考
No one wants to be in a life-or-death situation. However, if you are in a dangerous situation, what will you do,
fight or flight?
When 13-year-old Joe Rowlands and his dad were in a kayak（皮艇） accident, the brave teenager chose to
fight. He not only fought for his own life, but also saved his father's.
On that day, Joe and his father Paul were out on their kayak off the coast of Anglesey in the UK. Suddenly
they noticed that the kayak was starting to fill with water. Then they found out there was a hole in the floor of the
boat. Without another choice, Paul turned the boat over. He asked Joe to climb on top so that he could push the boat
to a nearby island.
However, the rough （汹涌的）waves made it too hard for Paul to push the boat to land. They had to swim
without the boat. Luckily, Joe made his way to the island safely. But when he looked back, he found his dad was no
longer swimming. Risking his life, Joe jumped back into the cold water and managed to drag（拽） his dad up
onto some rocks. Then Joe did CPR（心肺复苏） on his dad until he came around.
“I know I can never pay him back for saving my life and I'm very proud of him. He acted with courage beyond
his years, "Paul said of his son.
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。
31. What did Joe do that day?
A. He went kayaking with his dad. B. He went kayaking all by himself.
C. He watched a kayak race at home. D. He walked along the coast of Anglesey.
32. When the boat started to fill with water, how did Paul deal with it?
A. By fixing the boat up. B. By shouting for help.
C. By turning the boat over. D. By pushing the boat with Joe.
33. After finding his dad was no longer swimming, Joe .
A. swam to the island nearby B. dragged the boat onto rocks to save his dad
C. did CPR on his dad at once D. jumped back into the water to save his dad
34. What does the underlined phrase “came around” most probably mean?
A. Lost his life. B. Came back to life.
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C. Ran around the rock. D. Gave up the boat.
35. From the passage, we can infer（推断）that .
A. Paul and Joe successfully finished their kayaking
B. Joe showed the ability to face danger without fear
C. Paul was angry because Joe risked his life to save him
D. Joe chose to depend on his dad in the life-or-death situation
词义猜测题
题型特点
这类题型旨在考查学生利用上下文对词、词组以及句子的辨别能力。利用上下文猜测词义是阅读理解
的基本技巧之一,也是我们学习词汇的主要方法。在阅读过程中,有些同学一遇到生僻词语就查词典,这是不
可取的。一遇到生僻词语就查阅词典不但会使我们养成依赖词典的习惯 ,而且还会影响阅读速度。我们阅读
汉语文章时遇到不认识的词语是否都查词典呢?答案是否定的。可是我们是如何理解它们的呢?利用上下文
提示猜测词义就是诀窍。
词义猜测题的类型主要有三种:熟词新义要求学生在某一特定的语言环境中推断某一多义词的正确意思;
生词释义要求学生根据范围较小的上下文推断出词义;难句释义要求学生根据范围稍大的上下文推断句意。
2.词义猜测题主要的设问方式
①What’s the meaning of the underlined word/phrase...in Chinese?
②The underlined word...refers to/probably means...
③The underlined word...could be replaced by...
④What is the meaning of...
⑤Which of the following words can take the place of the word...?
3.词义猜测题的解题技巧
(1)通过因果关系猜测词义
通过因果关系猜词,首先是找出生词所在部分与上下文之间的逻辑关系,然后才能猜词义。有时文章借
助关联词(如because,as,since,for,so,thus,as a result,of course,therefore 等)表示因果关系。
例
You shouldn’t have blamed him for that,for it wasn’t his fault.
解析 通过 for 引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的错),可猜出 blame 的词义是“责备”。
(2)通过同义词和同义关系猜测词义
在文章中,有时作者为避免重复,或为了表达同一事物的不同种类,使用同义词或近义词。在这种情况下,
我们就可以利用同义词、近义词的关系由熟悉的词语推测不熟悉词语的含义。
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标签： #英语真题

专题5.阅读技巧--细节理解题、词义猜测题 中考英语真题分类精解与解题技巧（云南专用）.doc

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