专题4.阅读技巧--主旨大意题、推理判断题中考英语真题分类精解与解题技巧（北京专用）

3.0 envi 2025-03-28 34 4 409.95KB 28 页 3知币

侵权投诉

阅读技巧--主旨大意题、推理判断题

主旨大意题

1.主旨大意题主要的设问方式

•标题类试题常见的题干形式

(1)The best title for this passage is...

(2)The suitable headline for this passage may be...

(3)The title that best expresses the idea of the passage is...

(4)Which of the following can be the best title of this passage?

•文章主旨类试题常见的题干形式

(1)What is the passage mainly about?

(2)The passage talks about...

(3)The passage tells us that...

(4)This passage mainly deals with...

(5)What’s the main idea/topic of the passage?

•段落主旨类试题常见的题干形式

(1)The main idea of the second paragraph probably is that...

(2)What is the last paragraph mainly about?

(3)Which of the following can best summarize Paragraph 1?

(4)What’s the main idea discussed in the first paragraph?

主旨大意题的解题技巧

(1)留心关键词,抓住文章主旨;串联主要细节,推断文章中心思想。所谓关键词,即文章中反复出现的、与

主题有关的诸如名词、动词等词。冠词或介词等均不在关键词之列。需要注意的是 ,为了避免同一词的过多

重复,文章有时会使用这个词的同义词、近义词或使用代词指代。我们知道,并不是所有文章都包含明确的

主题句,比如大多数记叙文。记叙文的中心思想多隐藏在具体的细节中,作者通过众多的细节事实对一个中

心进行说明。因此,我们必须善于串联主要细节,从中归纳文章的中心思想。

(2)注意段落主题句,归纳文章大意

文章的段落通常有主题句(topic sentence)。主题句通常是一段的第一句或末尾一句,偶尔在一段中间。

我们在阅读非故事性文章,如科普文章的时候,主题句尤其明显。有的文章无明显的主题句,需从段意之中提

炼。

① 主题句位于段首

主题句位于段首是由作者先立论,后摆事实讲道理的写作形式。这种段落称作演绎型段落。据有关统计

数字表明,在英语议论文中,主题句往往是段落的第一句。

a.寻找主题句

有些段落有明显的引出细节的信息词,常见的信息词有: for example, an example of, the most important

example, first, to begin with 等。

在阅读中,应尽量利用上述信息词确定主题句的位置。如果无明显的信息词,可先假设第一句为主题句,

看后面内容是否可以支撑第一句话,如果不能,便在其他地方找出主题句。

b.选择答案

先彻底弄懂主题句的句意,然后阅读所给的选项,选择与主题句句意相吻合的答案,如选项中有主题句的

再现或主题句句意的复述等,则很容易找出答案。排除与主题句句意无关的答案,如支撑细节和文章中未曾

阐述的事实等。

例

All living things on the earth need other living things to live. Nothing lives alone. Most animals must live

in a group, and even a plant grows close together with others of the same kind. Sometimes one living thing kills

another, one eats and the other is eaten. Each kind of life eats another kind of life in order to live, and together they

form a food chain(食物链).Some food chains will break up if one of the links disappears.

Which of the following do you think is the best title for this passage?

A.Animals B.Plants

C.Food Chains D.Living Things

解析　第一句是主题句。这个句子概括了本段的中心意思 ,“地球上所有的生物要生存都离不开其他的

生物”。后面讲述了大量的事实,“大部分动物必须成群的生活,甚至一种植物也要和其他同类的植物靠在一起

生长。有时一种生物杀死另一种生物,一种生物吃另一种生物,而另一种生物被吃”。在列举了大量的事实之

后,作者指出:如果这些食物链中的一个链环消失,食物链就会断掉。所有这些事实都是围绕第一个句子展开

的。根据主题句的意思,我们可以很容易判断:这篇短文最好的标题是 Food Chains。

答案　C

②主题句位于段末

主题句位于段末是作者采用了先摆事实,后做结论的手法。这种段落称作归纳型段落。

③无主题句

有时,一篇文章里并没有明显的主题句。这时我们应该怎样来确定文章的主题或中心意思呢?其实这也

不难。我们可以首先找出每一段的中心意思,各段的中心意思往往都是围绕一个中心来展开的,或者说是来

说明一个问题的。这个中心或这个问题就是这篇文章的主题或中心意思。

例

Killer bees started in Brazil in 1957. A scientist in San Paulo wanted bees to make more honey(蜂蜜). So he

put forty-six African bees with some Brazilian bees. The bees bred( 繁殖) and made a new kind of bees. But the

new bees were a mistake. They didn’t want to make more honey. They wanted to attack. Then, by accident, twenty-

six African bees escaped and bred with the Brazilian bees outside.

Scientists could not control(控制) the problem. The bees increased fast. They went from Brazil to Venezuela.

Then they went to Central America. Now they are in North America. They travel about 390 miles a year. Each

group of bees grows four times a year. This means one million new groups every five years.

Why are people afraid of killer bees? People are afraid for two reasons. First, the bees sting( 叮) many more

times than usual bees. Killer bees can sting sixty times a minute nonstop for two hours. Second, killer bees attack in

groups. Four hundred bee stings can kill a person.

Already several hundred people are dead. Now killer bees are in Texas. In a few years they will reach all over

the United States. People can do nothing but wait.

The best title of the passage is “　　　”.

A.How to make more honey B.Killer bees

C.A foolish scientist D.How to feed killer bees

解析　这篇短文表面看起来没有主题句,那么怎样来确定它的中心意思呢?按照上面的说明,我们先找出

每一段的大意:第一段讲的是“killer bees”的产生。第二段讲的是“killer bees”的急剧增加。第三段讲的是人们

害怕“killer bees”的原因。第四段讲的是“killer bees”已经杀死的人数和将来的状况。从这几段的大意可以看

出这篇文章自始至终都是围绕“killer bees”这一中心展开的。换句话说,“killer bees”就是这篇文章的主题。毫

无疑问,答案应该是B。

答案　B

2020 北京中考

There are millions of recipes(菜谱) hidden in the boxes and hearts of grandmother and parents. These family

recipes are a special part of our family history. Some of them have been passed down from generation(一代人) to

generation.

“I realized I couldn't go home every weekend for my mom's delicious dishes,” says Shreya, who is about to

enter university. Shreya has recently started following her mother around the kitchen, taking notes on how to make

her “masala chai” and tasty kachoris.

文档加载中……请稍候！
如果长时间未打开，您也可以点击刷新试试。

下载文档到电脑，查找使用更方便

3 知币 4人已下载

立即下载

标签： #英语真题

专题4.阅读技巧--主旨大意题、推理判断题中考英语真题分类精解与解题技巧（北京专用）.doc

共28页,预览5页

还剩页未读，继续阅读

专题4.阅读技巧--主旨大意题、推理判断题中考英语真题分类精解与解题技巧（北京专用）

相关推荐

开通VIP享超值会员特权

作者详情

相关内容

推荐作者

热门标签

举报选择: