专题15 阅读理解之说明文-2023年中考英语总复习真题探究与变式训练（江苏专用）（解析版）

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专题 15 阅读理解之说明文

例1 （2022·江苏南通·统考中考真题）Technology and sustainability(可持续性) are two driving forces in

the world today. For the agriculture department, sustainable agriculture technology must be the new trend, and

farmers should follow it.

The following sustainable agriculture technologies are necessary.

Smart irrigation

Crops need water—that’s needless to say. However, how they get water is another story.

With smart irrigation technology, water can be put to good use. New irrigation systems with smart technology

can report soil moisture( 湿度) and temperature in real time. These new technologies help farmers properly take

care of crops in a more efficient way. For example, most crops have specific requirements for temperature and

moisture. The new irrigation systems can show farmers whether they need to make changes for their crops’ growing

environments. In this way, they may help reduce the waste of water.

Drones

Drones’ abilities get them a place on this list. They can do a lot and most importantly, they can make the

boring and tiring farm work much easier.

These devices have high-definition cameras that take pictures and videos. Through wireless control, just at

home farmers can fly the drones over the fields and check on crops. If one area of crops isn’t doing well, farmers

can quickly record the details and then spray chemicals with the help of the drones.

Data and software

Data is rich in this tech-driven world. Farming and data working together can greatly change the way farmers

plant, harvest and water.

As computers gather information, they report it all back to a central system. So when farmers learn in which

area crop health needs to improve, they can use water and fertilizer(肥料) more efficiently, causing less waste.

The three technologies are helpful for farmers to save costs, labor and energy. And they can contribute to the

final goal of agricultural sustainability—that is to improve the environment. As these new technologies continue to

develop, we are sure to have a cleaner environment.

Sustainable agricultural technology is the future—and it will change the game.

1．According to the passage, smart irrigation can ________.

A．make full use of every drop of rain

B．decide crops’ growing environment

C．help farmers water the crops when necessary

D．support the growth and harvest of crops efficiently

2．From “Drones” part, we can learn that ________.

A．drones can help provide water and fertilizer

B．drones help farm work in a more efficient way

C．farmers can fly in their drones to check on crops

D．farmers can record the details about their drones

3．What is the final goal of agricultural sustainability?

A．To help us have a better environment. B．To make farmers work more efficiently.

C．To raise the production of crops quickly. D．To reduce farmers’ boring and tiring work.

4．The passage is mainly to ________.

A．think highly of the agriculture department

B．make sustainable agriculture technologies better

C．change farmers’ misunderstanding of agriculture technologies

D．stress the importance of sustainable technologies in agriculture

【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D

【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了几种必要的可持续农业技术。

1．推理判断题。根据“With smart irrigation technology, water can be put to good use. New irrigation systems

with smart technology can report soil moisture( 湿度) and temperature in real time. These new technologies help

farmers properly take care of crops in a more efficient way.”可知，有了智能灌溉技术，水可以得到很好的利用。

具有智能技术的新型灌溉系统可以实时报告土壤湿度和温度。这些新技术帮助农民以更有效的方式妥善照

料作物。所以可以必要时帮助农民给庄稼浇水，故选 C。

2．推理判断题。根据“These devices have high-definition cameras that take pictures and videos. Through

wireless control, just at home farmers can fly the drones over the fields and check on crops. If one area of crops

isn’t doing well, farmers can quickly record the details and then spray chemicals with the help of the drones.”可知，

这些设备有高清摄像头，可以拍照和视频。通过无线控制，农民在家里就可以让无人机飞越农田，查看农

作物。如果某一地区的农作物长得不好，农民们可以迅速记录下细节，然后在无人机的帮助下喷洒化学品。

所以“无人机以更有效的方式帮助农活”表述正确，故选 B。

3．细节理解题。根据“And they can contribute to the final goal of agricultural sustainability—that is to improve

the environment.”可知，农业可持续发展的最终目标是改善环境，故选 A。

4．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了几种必要的可持续农业技术，是为了强调可持续农业技术的重要性，故

选D。

例2（2022·江苏常州·统考中考真题）Being sad or in a low mood is a normal (正常的) part of life. Many

people feel down from time to time. For example, when people face challenging events in their lives, such as

financial(经济的) difficulty or major changes, it’s common to feel down. But in most cases the bad feelings slowly

disappear.

As for depression(抑郁症), however, the bad mood lasts for weeks, months, or even longer because it is a

mental(精神的) illness. As the World Health Organization(WHO) noted, depression is a mood disorder. It shows in

different ways, including loss of interest in normal activities and feelings of low self-worth. It often lasts for a long

time and greatly harms a person’s ability at work or school or in the daily life. People with depression usually don’t

like to talk about their problems with others. More seriously, depression may even lead to the act of killing oneself.

“Depression is not just a bout(一阵) of sadness or a sign of weakness, and you can’t just simply stop feeling

depressed.” said the health news website www.mayoclinie.com.

But depression is not a person’s problem. It’s also more common than most people think. It is hurting about

280 million people around the world, according to WHO.

Though depression is worrying, we don’t have to be afraid of it. Depression can be treated by getting

professional(专业的) help, taking medicine or a mixed treatment of both. In fact, when you begin to feel the danger

of depression, you can try to deal with it early by yourself. Listening to music, doing some sports and drawing

some pictures might help you feel better. Another useful way is talk therapy. When we are attacked by a low mood,

having a conversation with others is of great help. Being honest about how we feel does not make us weak, it

makes us human.

5．Who is most probably experiencing depression?

A．Lily, who is going to have an important exam and hasn’t slept well for 3 days.

B．May, who dislikes her new school and has complained to her parents 3 times.

C．Ben, who thinks life worthless and has cried alone over 3 times a week in the past month.

D．Tom, who finds subjects hard and has talked to his teacher about it 3 times this week.

6．What does the writer think of depression?

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