考点10 祈使句与感叹句-备战2023年中考英语一轮复习考点帮（上海专用）（原卷版）

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考点 10 祈使句与感叹句
（一）祈使句是用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句。当主语是第二人称，通常
省略。
（二）感叹句是表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情的句子，句末通常用感叹号，读时一般用降调。
考向一、祈使句
（一）祈使句的定义
用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句。当主语是第二人称，通常省略。
（二）祈使句的类型和结构
类型 肯定结构 否定结构
Do 型动词原形(+宾语)+其它成分
Keep off the grass.
句首+don't
Don’t forget me.
Be 型Be +表语(名词或形容词)+其它成分
Be careful.
句首+don't
Don’t be late for school.
Let 型Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分
Let me help you.
①Don't + let +宾语+动词原形+ 其它成分
②Let + 宾语 + not + 动词原形 + 其它成分
Don't let him go.
Let him not go.
No 型No+名词/动名词
No smoking.
（三）祈使句的重点句型
1. “祈使句+and+表结果的陈述句”用来叙述肯定的条件。
2. “祈使句+or+表结果的陈述句”用来叙述否定的条件，or 表示“否则；要不然”。
Hurry up, and you’ll catch the train. (=If you hurry up, you’ll catch the train.)
Hurry up, or you’ll miss the train. (=If you don’t hurry up, you’ll miss the train.)
3. 含有祈使句的直接引语变成间接引语时，其常用结构为“ask/request/tell/order sb(not)to do sth.”。如：
“Speak loudly
，
please!” the teacher said to me
．
(=The teacher asked me to speak loudly
．
)
“Don’t smoke in the meeting room!” he said to Tom
．
(=He told Tom not to smoke in the meeting room
．
)
1．（2021·上海奉贤·一模）Jerry, to form a mind picture if you want to remember the long word.
A．tries B．trying C．try D．to try
考向二、感叹句
（一）感叹句的定义
感叹句是表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情的句子，句末通常用感叹号，读时一般用降调。
（二）感叹句的常见类型
类型 结构 例句
what
What + a/an ＋形容词＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语
What a clever girl she is!
What an interesting book it is!
What ＋形容词＋可数名词复数＋主语＋谓语
What beautiful flowers!
What good children they are!
What ＋形容词＋不可数名词＋主语＋谓语
What fine weather it is today!
What important news it is!
how
How ＋形容词 / 副词＋主语＋谓语
How careful she is!
How fast he runs!
How ＋形容词＋ a/an ＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语
How beautiful a girl she is!
How ＋主语＋谓语
How time flies!
（三）陈述句转感叹句：“一断·二加·三换位”
①This is a beautiful flower·
②This flower is beautiful．
“一断”：在谓语动词后将此句划断。
①This is｜a beautiful flower．
②This flower is｜beautiful．
“二加”：在第二部分前加 “What 或How”；中心词为名词时加“What”，是形容词、副词加“How”。
①What a beautiful flower…
②How beautiful…
“三换位”：将第一部分与第二部分对换位置。
①What a beautiful flower this is！
②How beautiful this flower is！
请将以下陈述句变成感叹句。
① It’s an interesting film.
② It’s wonderful weather.
③ He did the work carefully.
④ Time passed quickly.
1．（2022·上海·模拟预测）—Look! The plants are green and the flowers are opening.
—Yes, it’s spring now. ________ nice season!
A．What B．What a C．What an D．How
1．（2021·上海金山·八年级期末）Download this app, ________ you will find it easy to learn cooking.
A．or B．so C．and D．but
2．（2022·上海·模拟预测）Don’t be afraid to make mistakes, ________ you’ll never really learn the language.
A．and B．or C．so D．but
3．（2022·上海奉贤·二模）_______ terrible it is that the price of oil has risen to over $100!
A．What a B．What C．How D．How a
4．（2022·上海崇明·模拟预测）________ amazing trip it was! I even swam with dolphins last summer.
A．How B．What C．What a D．What an
5．（2022·上海奉贤·一模）________ bad weather! The strongest tornado (龙卷风) in history hit six states in
America last month.
A．What a B．What C．How D．How a
6．（2022·上海嘉定·一模）________ exciting news you’ve told us! A new underground line will be built next
year.
A．What B．What a C．What an D．How
7．（2022·上海·模拟预测）________ relaxing it is for me to watch cartoons! They are usually funny and
dramatic.
A．What B．How C．What a D．How a
8．（2022·上海崇明·一模）________ excellent performance the Chinese diver gave in the 2020 Olympic
考点10 祈使句与感叹句-备战2023年中考英语一轮复习考点帮（上海专用）（原卷版）.docx

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