考点08 中考英语句子类型-备战2023年中考英语一轮复习考点帮(上海专用)(解析版)

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考点 08 中考英语句子类型
考向一、简单句的概念
简单句通常只由一个主语(或并列主语)一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成。
考向二、简单句的种类
简单句一般分为陈述句、疑问句、感叹句祈使句四种。
考向三、陈述句
用来说明一个事实的句子叫陈述句。它有肯定式和否定式两种形式。
(一)陈述句的肯定式:
He is a middle school student.
I have a hammer in my hand.
She teaches us geography.
The new play was good enough and everybody enjoyed it.
(二)陈述句的否定式:
1. 谓语动词如果是
be
助动词、情态动词时,在它们的后面加“not
如:
My brother is not a teacher.
I will not go there tomorrow.
You must not make such mistakes again.
We haven’t discussed the question yet.
2. 谓语动词如果没有上述词语而是其他动词时,须在它的前面加 do
not(don’t).如:
I don’t know anything about it.
We didn’t expect to meet her right here.
We didn’t have a meeting yesterday afternoon.
3. 如果“have作“拥有”,可以在前面加 do not(don’t),也可以在它后
面加 not 构成否定式,其形式与 have got 的否定式相同。
I haven’t (got) any brothers or sisters.
I don’t have any brothers or sisters.
[注意]
①句子中如果有 all
both
very much/well 等词时,not 一般构成部分
否定,如果要完全否定,则通常使用 none
neither
not…at all 等;
All of them went there.→ None of them went there. 都去
他们全都没去那里。
②句子中含有
little
fewhardly
never
neither
nor
seldom
rarely 等词时, 视为
定句。
Few people live there because life there is very hard.
那里因为那里的生活太艰难了)
③陈述句(主语+谓语+其他)在口语中可以直接表示疑问或者惊讶。
That’s your boss?(那就是你的老板?!)
④陈述句一般情况下应使用正常的语序,即:主语+谓语+其他。
⑤所有的从句一律使用陈述句语序,即在连接词后采用“主语++
他”的顺序。
The old man told me that he would live here for ten more years before he
returns home.老人告诉我说他还要在这儿住几年然后回家。
Could you tell me who you saw at the party last night? 能告诉我在聚会上
你都看见了谁吗?
考向四、疑问句
(一)一般疑问句: 用“yes或“no来回答的疑问句叫做一般疑问句。
1. 一般疑问句构成:句中谓语动词是 be
助动词、情态动词时,则将它们(
)放到主语前面。
Is he an engineer?
Have you got today’s newspaper?
Shall we go to see a film this evening?
Would you like to go out for a walk?
谓语动词如果没有上述词语而是其他动词时,则在主语前面加助动词
do / does / did, 原来的谓语动词改为原形。如:
Do you get up at six every morning?
Does she study hard?
Did you go there yesterday?
2. 一般疑问句的回答
一般疑问句通常用简略形式来回答。如:
Will you join us in playing basketball? —Yes, we will. /—No, we won’t.
Have you got today’s newspaper? —Yes, I have . / —No, I haven’t.
[] must 或者 may 开头的疑问句的回答。回答时所用的时态应和问句里
的时态一致。
3. 一般疑问句的否定结构(即否定形式的一般疑问句)表示惊奇、责怪、建议、
看法等,只要 “not放到主语之前与 be, have 等助动词或情态动词连用。
Haven’t you any brothers?
Can’t we walk a little farther?
Hasn’t she heard of the matter?
Can’t he answer the question? —Yes,he can. / —No,he can’t.
(二)特殊疑问句:要求具体回答的问句。
1. 特殊疑问句结构:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句
What do you want?
Who(m) are you looking for?
Whose magazine is this?
When did you get up this morning?
Why did he go to bed so early?
仔细观察下列句子的语序
Who is dancing over there?
What is on the wall?
Which is yours?
Whose book is in your bag?
2. 常用疑问代词和疑问副词
疑问代词: who, whom, whose, which, what,
疑问副词: when, where, why, how,
how 构成的短语:how many (多少个) (独立用;或跟可数名词), how
much (多少) (独立用;或跟不可数名词), how old (多大年纪), how far (),
how often (),how long (多久,多长), how soon (多久以后), how many times
(多少次),等等。
3. 特殊疑问句有时也用否定式。
Why don’t you ask Jim instead?(常缩略为 Why not…?)
4. 特殊疑问句疑问部分有时可以有两个以上的疑问词。
When and where were you born? (你是何时何地出生的?)
5. 疑问词如果是介词的宾语,则该介词可以在句首,也可以在句尾。如:
What do you want a computer for? = For what do you want a computer?
(你干嘛要一台电脑呢?)
(三)反意疑问句: 反意疑问句表示对陈述句所说的事实提出相反的疑问,
要求对方用“yes或“no来进行回答。
(四提出上情,选择回答
问句叫选择疑问句。
1) 构成:(1) 一般疑问句 + or + 第二选项?
(2) 特殊疑问句 + 第一选项(+ 第二选项)+ or + 第三选项?
2)选择疑问句的结构与特殊疑问句相同,即要具体回答,不可以用 yes / no 回答
如:
Is your friend a boy or a girl? –A girl.
Which do you prefer, coffee or tea? –Tea, please.
Which do you like best, singing, dancing or skating? --Dancing, of course.
考向五、祈使句
祈使句用来表示请求、命令的句子。
考向六、感叹句
表示强烈感情的句子。
1.(2022·上海普陀·九年级期中)_________ is it from your school to your home?
It’s about twenty minutes’ walk.
AHow long BHow far CHow soon DHow fast
2.(2022·上海普陀·九年级期中)________ great fun it is to fly a kite on a windy day!
Let’s go.
AHow BHow a CWhat DWhat a
考点08 中考英语句子类型-备战2023年中考英语一轮复习考点帮(上海专用)(解析版).docx

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