2021-2022学年八年级英语寒假精讲精练（牛津外研仁爱版）专题6.‬ 形容词（原卷版）

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形容词

一、形容词的定义及位置

形容词是用来描述或修饰名词或代词的一类词,用以说明人或事物的性质和特征。

1.作定语

一般放在名词之前,复合不定代词之后。

He lives in a house.他住在一座漂亮的房子里。

There is nothing in today’s newspaper.今天的报纸上没有什么重要的内容。

2.作表语,放在连系动词(be,feel,look,smell,taste,sound,get,become,keep,turn,seem 等)之后。

His idea sounds .他的主意听起来很棒。

3.作宾语补足语,放在宾语之后,常与 make,leave,keep,find 等动词连用。

They keep the classroom every day.他们每天保持教室干净。

We find it to learn English well.我们发现学好英语很重要。

4.形容词的名词化

有些形容词放在定冠词之后变成名词,表示一类人,常见的有:good/bad,rich/poor,young/old,deaf/blind,

black/white,living/dead 等

The old should be taken good care of.老年人应该受到很好的照顾。

二．形容词词义辨析

主要在完形中考查形容词词义辨析。学生在做辨析题时，首先应读懂句意，抓住题干中关键信息，

并分析各选项表达的意思，结合日常生活的常识及语境即可选出正确答案。

如：After the football match, the players were very ______ and tired.

A. cool B. full C. lively D. thirsty

方法点拨第 1步：分析四个选项均为形容词，在句中作表语；第 2步：分析语境“在足球比赛之后，运

动员是_____和疲劳的。”cool 平静的；full 满的；lively 有活力的；thirsty 口渴的，渴望的。结合常识及

句意可知运动员在足球比赛后又渴又累。故选 D。

近义词词义辨析

1.-ing 形容词和-ed 形容词

-ing 形容词 -ed 形容词例句

surprising 令人惊讶的 surprised 感到惊讶的 The story has a surprising end.

He is surprised at the news.

interesting 有趣的 interested 感兴趣的 There are many interesting places in Beijing.

I􀆳m interested in what he said.

exciting 令人兴奋的 excited 感到兴奋的 They jumped when they heard the exciting news.

We are excited about the match.

pleasing 令人愉快的 pleased 感到愉快/满意的 It is a pleasing trip.

If you queue-jump,others will not be pleased.

frightening 令人恐惧的 frightened 感到恐惧的 The girl cried because of the frightening story.

He is frightened of the ghost.

moving 令人感动的 moved 受感动的 It is a moving performance.

We are moved by the performance.

tiring 使人疲倦的 tired 感到疲倦的 We had a very tiring trip last week.

I􀆳m tired of so much homework.

fascinating 迷人的 fascinated 着迷的

What a fascinating story!

The children are fascinated by all the toys in the

shop windows.

特点:表示主动意义,多指

事物对人的影响,一般修

饰事物

特点:表示被动意义,多指人对

事物的感受,主语一般是人,常

用 “ sb+be+-ed 形容词 +介

词”结构

What an exciting film!

We were very excited about the trip to Beijing.

2.older 和elder

易混词用法例句

older

常用于表比较的句型中,意为“较老

的,较旧的,年纪较大的”

Your bike is than mine.你的自行车比我的旧。

He is than you.他比你年龄大。

elder

只用于比较一家人的年龄长幼,意为

“年长的”。elder 除指家庭成员外,

也可以指其他人,意思是“资格老

的”

He is my brother.他是我哥哥。

He is an teacher.他是位资格老的老师。

3.alone 和lonely

易混词用法例句

alone

强调独自一人 ,常用作表语。另

外,alone 也可用作副词,意思是“单独

地,独自地”

He lives .他一个人住。

lonely

lonely 作表语时,表示“寂寞的”,含有

强烈的感情色彩;作定语时含有“偏僻

的”之意

The man lived on a island.那个男人住在一个偏僻的岛

上。

4.alive, lively 和living

易混词用法例句

alive 是表语形容词,既可指人,也可指物 Was the snake ?这条蛇是活着还是死了?

lively

侧重指“活泼的,活跃的”,与“死板

的”对应 That’s a baby.那是一个活泼的婴儿。

living 是定语形容词,指“活着的” All the things need food to grow.所有的生物都需要食物

去生长。

5.black 和dark

易混词用法例句

black black 的意思是“黑色(的)”,指颜色,其

反义词是 white

The doors are painted .

这些门被刷成了黑色。

dark dark 的意思是“昏暗的,黑暗的”,指无This is a room.

光这是间黑暗的房间。

6.sleepy,asleep 和sleeping

易混词用法例句

sleepy 意为“困倦的”,还没有睡着He in class.他在课上感觉很困。

asleep 意为“睡着了的”,常用作表语 He in class.他在课上睡着了。

sleeping 意为“睡着了的”,常用作定语 Look at the boy.看那个睡着了的男孩儿。

7.dead 和dying

易混词用法例句

dead 指“死了的” His father has been for 3 years.他的父亲已经去世 3年

了。

dying 指“快死了的,奄奄一息的” The little dog is . Let’s do something to help him.那只小

狗快死了。让我们做些事来帮帮他。

1.—John, this crossword is too difficult for me. I can’t work it out.

—You can go to Jackson for help. He’s very __________. I’m sure he can do it.

A.brave B.serious

C.polite D.clever

2.Yummy!It is the __________ Chinese-style cake that I have ever had.

A.worse B.worst

C.nicer D.nicest

3.What __________ news made them so down?I’m worried about them.

A.sad B.happy

C.exciting D.good

4.—Bill got full marks in the last math test.

—Yes, he is __________ boy in our class.

A.the most awful B.more awful

C.the most careful D.more careful

5.Jane Eyre is one of__________novels in the world.

A.more famous B.the most famous

C.longer D.longest

6.The house prices are so__________that many young people can’t afford to buy a house.

A.high B.cheap C.expensive D.low

7.Chinese chess has a long history. Today it’s still__________among the young and the old.

A.special B.popular C.easy D.valuable

三．形容词比较级和最高级的构成

1.规则变化

类别构成方法原级比较级最高级

单音节

词和少

数双音

一般直接加 long

tall

longer

taller

longest

tallest

以不发音的e 结尾时late later latest

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